Dahchour A, De Witte P
Biologie du Comportement, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2000 Feb;65(2):345-50. doi: 10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00197-5.
During ethanol withdrawal, dramatic changes in the concentration of many neurotransmitters may be responsible for many of the adverse effects. In the present study, the technique of microdialysis was used to assay the changes in excitatory and inhibitory amino acids after withdrawal from chronic ethanol intoxication. Rats were made physically dependent on ethanol by vapor inhalation for 4 weeks. The basal concentrations of both arginine and GABA were significantly decreased in ethanol-dependent rats, although there were no significant changes in any of the other amino acid basal concentration assayed (i.e.. glutamate and taurine). During the first 12 h after withdrawal from ethanol, only glutamate increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 6 h, and for the duration of the study period of 12 h. To investigate whether either taurine and ethanol interact with amino acids during ethanol withdrawal, two other ethanol-dependent groups were injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of either taurine or ethanol 5 h after commencement of ethanol withdrawal. The IP injection of ethanol (2 g/kg) significantly increased taurine microdialysate content, and although this dose of ethanol was not able to block completely the increase of glutamate release after ethanol withdrawal, a delayed decrease in glutamate content was observed by the end of the period of the study (i.e., 11-12 h). However, IP injection of taurine (45 mg/kg) significantly blocked the increased glutamate release during ethanol withdrawal. This latter finding suggests that taurine may interact with glutamate, possibly by inducing a blockade of glutamate release during ethanol withdrawal.
在乙醇戒断期间，许多神经递质浓度的显著变化可能是造成多种不良反应的原因。在本研究中，采用微透析技术来测定慢性乙醇中毒戒断后兴奋性和抑制性氨基酸的变化。通过蒸汽吸入使大鼠对乙醇产生身体依赖性，持续4周。乙醇依赖大鼠体内精氨酸和GABA的基础浓度均显著降低，不过所检测的其他氨基酸基础浓度（即谷氨酸和牛磺酸）均无显著变化。在乙醇戒断后的最初12小时内，仅谷氨酸在6小时时显著增加（p < 0.05），且在整个12小时的研究期间均如此。为了研究在乙醇戒断期间牛磺酸和乙醇是否与氨基酸相互作用，另外两个乙醇依赖组在乙醇戒断开始5小时后分别腹腔注射一次牛磺酸或乙醇。腹腔注射乙醇（2 g/kg）显著增加了牛磺酸微透析液含量，尽管该剂量的乙醇不能完全阻断乙醇戒断后谷氨酸释放的增加，但在研究期末（即11 - 12小时）观察到谷氨酸含量出现延迟下降。然而，腹腔注射牛磺酸（45 mg/kg）显著阻断了乙醇戒断期间谷氨酸释放的增加。后一发现表明牛磺酸可能与谷氨酸相互作用，可能是通过在乙醇戒断期间诱导谷氨酸释放的阻断来实现的。
