Paller K A, Gonsalves B, Grabowecky M, Bozic V S, Yamada S
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2710, USA.
Neuroimage. 2000 Feb;11(2):98-110. doi: 10.1006/nimg.1999.0521.
We recorded brain potentials from healthy human subjects during a recognition test in order to monitor neural processing associated with face recollection. Subjects first attempted to memorize 40 faces; half were accompanied by a voice simulating that person speaking (e.g., "I'm Jimmy and I was a roadie for the Grateful Dead") and half were presented in silence. In the test phase, subjects attempted to discriminate both types of old faces (i.e., "named" and "unnamed" faces) from new faces. Recognition averaged 87% correct for named faces, 74% correct for unnamed faces, and 91% correct for new faces. Potentials to old faces were more positive than those to new faces from 300 to 600 ms after face onset. For named faces, the old-new ERP difference was observed at anterior and posterior scalp locations. For unnamed faces, the old-new ERP difference was observed only at posterior scalp locations. Results from a prior experiment suggest that these effects do not reflect perceptual priming of faces. The posterior portion of the old-new ERP difference was thus interpreted as a neural correlate of retrieval of visual face information and the anterior portion as an indication of retrieval of person-specific semantic information.
我们在一项识别测试中记录了健康人类受试者的脑电活动，以监测与面部回忆相关的神经加工过程。受试者首先尝试记住40张面孔；其中一半面孔伴有模拟该人说话的声音（例如，“我是吉米，我曾是感恩而死乐队的巡回演出工作人员”），另一半则无声呈现。在测试阶段，受试者试图区分新旧面孔中的这两种旧面孔类型（即“有名字的”和“无名字的”面孔）。对有名字面孔的识别平均正确率为87%，对无名字面孔的识别平均正确率为74%，对新面孔的识别平均正确率为91%。面孔呈现后300至600毫秒内，旧面孔引发的电位比新面孔引发的电位更正。对于有名字的面孔，新旧ERP差异在前额和后头皮位置均有观察到。对于无名字的面孔，新旧ERP差异仅在后头皮位置观察到。先前一项实验的结果表明，这些效应并不反映对面孔的知觉启动。因此，新旧ERP差异的后部被解释为视觉面部信息检索的神经关联，而前部则表明特定人物语义信息的检索。
