Cianciara J
Institute of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical Academy of Warsaw, Wolska 37 str, 01-201, Warsaw, Poland.
Vaccine. 2000 Feb 18;18 Suppl 1:S68-70. doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00469-7.
The clinical morbidity of hepatitis A probably only represents 20% of cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. When it became possible to determine specific antibodies, a seroepidemiological survey of anti-HAV was undertaken in Poland, which showed that between 1979 and 1997 there was a shift in the peak age of infection from childhood to adulthood, concomitant with a substantial decline in the incidence of HAV infection. Data from the World Health Organization also indicate that there has also been a decline in the incidence of hepatitis A in Eastern European countries in general, over the 3 years from 1994 to 1996. The potential risk of epidemics still exists, however, when appropriate conditions are created. The available data show that fewer young people are becoming infected with HAV, and general preventive measures, including vaccination of children and high-risk groups (e.g. healthcare and childcare personnel and those living in 'closed communities') are needed to deal with HAV infections in Eastern Europe.
甲型肝炎的临床发病率可能仅占甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染病例的20%。当能够检测特异性抗体时，波兰开展了一项抗-HAV血清流行病学调查，结果显示，1979年至1997年期间，感染的高峰年龄从儿童期转移到了成年期，与此同时，HAV感染的发病率大幅下降。世界卫生组织的数据还表明，在1994年至1996年的3年里，东欧国家总体上甲型肝炎的发病率也有所下降。然而，当创造出适当条件时，仍存在暴发疫情的潜在风险。现有数据表明，感染HAV的年轻人越来越少，因此需要采取包括儿童和高危人群（如医护人员、儿童保育人员以及生活在“封闭社区”的人群）接种疫苗在内的一般预防措施，以应对东欧的HAV感染情况。
