Fairgrieve S I, Molto J E
Anthropology Program and Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2000 Mar;111(3):319-31. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(200003)111:3<319::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-N.
Cribra orbitalia (CO), an osseous sign of anemic stress, occurs in 67% (n = 296) of the pre-Roman (n = 153) and Roman (n = 143) period crania from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. CO is primarily a childhood condition in these samples, and its prevalence is significantly higher in virtually all cohorts in the pre-Roman group, including among females, who display higher rates of active lesions. This temporal trend suggests that the underlying causative factors (i.e., synergism between disease and nutrition) were less pervasive in the Roman period. In both population samples, anemic stress develops in some perinates prior to the expected minimum age for the development of iron deficiency anemia. This suggests additional causes of anemic stress in the Dakhleh population. A strong candidate is folic acid deficiency and its concomitant, megaloblastic anemia, which results from weaning of infants on goat's milk, a known practice in ancient Egypt. The putative incorporation of other food items in the weanling diet, particularly honey, a confirmed source of C. botulinum, represents yet another retrospective data source to help understand the epidemiological profile of cribra orbitalia in this population. Comparative data from other Egyptian populations, though limited, show similar patterns, however, they display a lower prevalence than the data from Dakhleh.
筛孔状眶骨（CO）是贫血应激的一种骨质表现，在埃及达赫莱绿洲前罗马时期（n = 153）和罗马时期（n = 143）的颅骨中，有67%（n = 296）出现该症状。在这些样本中，CO主要出现在儿童时期，在前罗马时期的几乎所有队列中，其患病率都显著更高，包括在有较高活动性病变率的女性中。这种时间趋势表明，潜在的致病因素（即疾病与营养之间的协同作用）在罗马时期不那么普遍。在这两个人口样本中，一些围产期婴儿在缺铁性贫血预期的最小发病年龄之前就出现了贫血应激。这表明达赫莱人群中存在贫血应激的其他原因。一个强有力的候选因素是叶酸缺乏及其伴随的巨幼细胞贫血，这是由于婴儿以羊奶断奶所致，这在古埃及是一种已知的做法。断奶期饮食中其他食物的假定摄入，特别是蜂蜜，一种已证实的肉毒杆菌来源，是另一个有助于了解该人群筛孔状眶骨流行病学特征的回顾性数据来源。来自其他埃及人群的比较数据虽然有限，但显示出类似的模式，不过，其患病率低于达赫莱的数据。
