McCaffery J M, Muldoon M F, Bachen E A, Jennings J R, Manuck S B
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4015 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2000 Feb;52(1):53-69. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00029-0.
Individuals differ in the cardiac and vascular processes that underlie blood pressure elevations evoked by environmental stimuli; such differences may reflect variability in sympathoadrenal response. We separated 108 healthy, young-adult males into those with predominant elevations in either cardiac output or peripheral resistance when exposed to psychological challenges. We then asked if they differed on other measures of cardiovascular response, concomitant plasma catecholamine reactions or 24-h urinary excretion of catecholamines. Cardiac reactors, relative to vascular reactors, showed reduced cardiac pre-ejection period, a smaller reduction in stroke volume, and elevated plasma epinephrine response and 24-h urinary epinephrine excretion. Vascular reactors, relative to cardiac reactors, responded to mental stress with more elevated diastolic blood pressure, a rise in peripheral resistance and pulse wave velocity, and a greater reduction in stroke volume. Vascular reactors, however, did not show plasma norepinephrine response or 24-h urinary norepinephrine excretion that was greater than cardiac reactors. The results provide partial support for the hypothesis that variability in sympathoadrenal activity contributes to individual differences in cardiac and vascular reactivity, and extend prior observations by demonstrating covariation of behaviorally-elicited cardiac reactivity with the 24-h excretion of epinephrine.
个体在由环境刺激引起血压升高的心脏和血管过程中存在差异；这种差异可能反映了交感肾上腺反应的变异性。我们将108名健康的年轻成年男性分为两组，一组在面临心理挑战时心输出量占主导地位升高，另一组外周阻力占主导地位升高。然后我们询问他们在心血管反应的其他指标、血浆儿茶酚胺反应或儿茶酚胺的24小时尿排泄方面是否存在差异。与血管反应者相比，心脏反应者的心脏射血前期缩短、每搏输出量减少幅度较小、血浆肾上腺素反应升高以及24小时尿肾上腺素排泄增加。与心脏反应者相比，血管反应者对精神压力的反应是舒张压升高更多、外周阻力和脉搏波速度升高以及每搏输出量减少幅度更大。然而，血管反应者的血浆去甲肾上腺素反应或24小时尿去甲肾上腺素排泄并不比心脏反应者更大。这些结果为交感肾上腺活动的变异性导致心脏和血管反应性个体差异这一假说提供了部分支持，并通过证明行为诱发的心脏反应性与肾上腺素的24小时排泄之间的共变关系扩展了先前的观察结果。
