O'Mahony A, Spencer P
Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA.
J Ir Dent Assoc. 1999;45(2):44-51.
This article discusses the criteria used for implant success and failure, the classification of implant failures, the causative factors, and diagnosis of the failing and failed implant. In spite of the impressive success rates of osseointegrated dental implants, failures occur and in some studies the incidence of failure is high. Many studies do not use objective criteria to define success and confuse survival with success. The criteria used affect reported success rates. Implant failures may occur early (primary) after implant placement or after the implant is loaded (secondary). There is no single aetiological factor and failures have been attributed to poor surgical technique, host factors that impair healing, poor bone quality, peri-implant infections, poor prosthesis design and traumatic loading conditions. Early diagnosis of problems is critical and every effort should be made to treat the problem while the damage can still be managed or even reversed.
本文讨论了用于判定种植体成功与失败的标准、种植体失败的分类、致病因素以及对正在失败和已失败种植体的诊断。尽管骨结合牙种植体的成功率令人瞩目，但仍会出现失败情况，并且在一些研究中失败发生率很高。许多研究未采用客观标准来定义成功，而是将存留与成功相混淆。所使用的标准会影响报告的成功率。种植体失败可能在种植体植入后早期（原发性）发生，或在种植体加载后（继发性）发生。不存在单一的病因，失败归因于手术技术不佳、损害愈合的宿主因素、骨质不良、种植体周围感染、修复体设计不佳以及创伤性加载条件。问题的早期诊断至关重要，应尽一切努力在损害仍可控制甚至逆转时对问题进行治疗。
