Forrest D, Vennström B
Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
Thyroid. 2000 Jan;10(1):41-52. doi: 10.1089/thy.2000.10.41.
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) play a central role in mediating the actions of thyroid hormone in development and homeostasis in vertebrate species. The TRs are nuclear receptors that act as ligand-regulated transcription factors. There are two TR genes (TRalpha and TRbeta), each capable of generating different variant products, suggesting a potentially complex array of TR pathways. Targeted mutagenesis in the mouse has indicated that there are specific individual functions for the TR genes in vivo. The deletion of combinations of TRalpha and TRbeta variants has revealed that additional functions are convergently regulated by both TR genes and indicates that control of an extended range of functions is facilitated by a network of specific and common TR pathways. The TR-deficient mouse models have allowed investigation of the TR pathways underlying many functions of thyroid hormone and provide a unique perspective on receptor-mediated mechanisms of biological control.
甲状腺激素受体（TRs）在介导甲状腺激素对脊椎动物发育和体内平衡的作用中发挥着核心作用。TRs是核受体，作为配体调节的转录因子发挥作用。有两个TR基因（TRα和TRβ），每个基因都能够产生不同的变异产物，这表明TR途径可能具有潜在的复杂性。小鼠中的靶向诱变表明，TR基因在体内具有特定的个体功能。TRα和TRβ变异体组合的缺失表明，TR基因共同对其他功能进行趋同调节，这表明特定和共同的TR途径网络有助于对更广泛功能的控制。TR缺陷小鼠模型使得人们能够研究甲状腺激素许多功能背后的TR途径，并为受体介导的生物控制机制提供独特的视角。
