Blantz R C, Satriano J, Gabbai F, Kelly C
University of California, San Diego, California 92161, USA.
Acta Physiol Scand. 2000 Jan;168(1):21-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.2000.00646.x.
Arginine and its metabolites exert physiological effects on the vasculature and on the kidney and also provide important influences on the regulation of cell proliferation. We summarize the known information regarding two major metabolites of arginine: (a) nitric oxide (NO) and (b) agmatine, decarboxylated arginine. Both agents appear to interact in producing vasodilation and increases in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the kidney. There is evidence for inter-regulation of arginine pathways in the sense that agmatine is capable of inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the inflammatory NOS isoform. Both NO and agmatine influence cell proliferation via effects on polyamine synthesis. In addition, both NO and agmatine exert inhibitory effects on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the putrescine transporter by significantly different mechanisms. Therefore, arginine and arginine metabolites exert both vascular regulatory functions and impact on the regulation of cell proliferation. Significant inter-regulation among arginine pathways occurs within the three metabolic major pathways within the cell: (1) nitric oxide synthase (2) arginase and ornithine decarboxylase, and (3) arginine decarboxylase.
精氨酸及其代谢产物对血管系统和肾脏具有生理作用，并且对细胞增殖的调节也有重要影响。我们总结了有关精氨酸两种主要代谢产物的已知信息：（a）一氧化氮（NO）和（b）胍丁胺，即脱羧精氨酸。这两种物质似乎在产生血管舒张和增加肾脏肾小球滤过率（GFR）方面相互作用。有证据表明精氨酸途径之间存在相互调节，因为胍丁胺能够抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS），即炎症性一氧化氮合酶同工型。NO和胍丁胺都通过对多胺合成的影响来影响细胞增殖。此外，NO和胍丁胺通过显著不同的机制对鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC）和腐胺转运体发挥抑制作用。因此，精氨酸和精氨酸代谢产物既发挥血管调节功能，又对细胞增殖的调节产生影响。在细胞内的三个主要代谢途径中，精氨酸途径之间存在显著的相互调节：（1）一氧化氮合酶；（2）精氨酸酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶；以及（3）精氨酸脱羧酶。
