Cluster organization of the genes of Streptomyces pristinaespiralis involved in pristinamycin biosynthesis and resistance elucidated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

Streptomyces pristinaespiralis synthesizes pristinamycin, a member of the streptogramin antibiotic family which consists of a mixture of two types of chemically unrelated compounds named pristinamycins I and pristinamycins II. In order to estimate the size of the Strep. pristinaespiralis chromosome and to elucidate the organization of the pristinamycin biosynthetic and resistance genes already identified, it was decided to use the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis technique. Results indicate that the Strep. pristinaespiralis chromosome is linear and about 7580 kb, as previously shown for several other Streptomyces species. By hybridization, it could be shown that the biosynthetic and resistance genes for pristinamycins I and pristinamycins II, except for the multidrug resistance gene ptr, are interspersed and seem to be organized as a single large cluster, covering less than 200 kb corresponding to 2.6% of the total size of the chromosome. The consequences and significance of such a genetic organization are discussed.