Sichert-Hellert W, Kersting M, Alexy U, Manz F
Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE), Dortmund, Germany.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;54(1):81-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600897.
We investigated time trends in consumption patterns, and energy and nutrient intakes (protein, fat, carbohydrates, added sugars, vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2 and B6, niacin, folate, calcium and iron) from fortified food in children and adolescents between 1987 and 1996 in Germany.
Mixed longitudinal survey (DONALD study) with 3 d weighed dietary records (n=2062 from 594 subjects), one subject per family per year chosen by random.
Dortmund (Western Germany) district cohort.
285 males, 309 females; mean age 6 y (2-13 y).
Almost all children and adolescents consumed fortified food irrespective of the year studied. With the exception of vitamin E, significant time trends in the proportions of nutrient intakes from fortification were observed. The fortification of food with vitamins A, C, B1, B2 and B6 and niacin raised the already adequate intakes from non-fortified food (100% to 150% of reference intake values) by 20-50%. The fortification of food with vitamin E and folate raised the low intakes from non-fortified food (about 50% of reference intake values) to about 80% (folate) and 100% (vitamin E) of the references. Fortification of food with calcium and iron was not significant (<10%), but while total intake of calcium was adequate, total intake of iron remained critical.
Since the nutrient intake of the population of children and adolescents studied is adequate with respect to vitamins A, C, B1, B2 and B6, niacin and calcium, fortification seems inefficient, while fortification of food with vitamin E and folate, but not iron, improves an inadequate intake.
The DONALD study is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Health and the North-Rhine-Westphalian Ministry of Science and Research. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 81-86
我们调查了1987年至1996年间德国儿童和青少年强化食品的消费模式、能量及营养素（蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、添加糖、维生素A、E、C、B1、B2、B6、烟酸、叶酸、钙和铁）摄入量的时间趋势。
混合纵向调查（DONALD研究），采用3天膳食称重记录（来自594名受试者的2062份记录），每年从每个家庭中随机选取一名受试者。
多特蒙德（德国西部）地区队列。
285名男性，309名女性；平均年龄6岁（2至13岁）。
几乎所有儿童和青少年都食用强化食品，与所研究的年份无关。除维生素E外，观察到强化营养素摄入量比例存在显著的时间趋势。用维生素A、C、B1、B2、B6和烟酸强化食品，使非强化食品中本已充足的摄入量（参考摄入量值的100%至150%）提高了20%至50%。用维生素E和叶酸强化食品，使非强化食品中的低摄入量（约为参考摄入量值的50%）提高到参考值的约80%（叶酸）和100%（维生素E）。用钙和铁强化食品的效果不显著（<10%），不过虽然钙的总摄入量充足，但铁的总摄入量仍然偏低。
由于所研究的儿童和青少年群体在维生素A、C、B1、B2、B6、烟酸和钙方面的营养素摄入量充足，强化似乎效率不高，而用维生素E和叶酸而非铁强化食品可改善摄入量不足的情况。
DONALD研究由德国联邦卫生部和北莱茵-威斯特法伦州科学与研究部资助。《欧洲临床营养学杂志》（2000年）54卷，81 - 86页
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