Diggins F W
8 Tilford Court, England, UK.
Br J Biomed Sci. 1999;56(2):83-93.
In 1928, while investigating variant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Alexander Fleming found that a fungus growing near the edge of a culture of S. aureus produced a substance which had diffused into the medium, lysed the nearest organisms and thus produced a clear area immediately surrounding the fungus. Further away was a zone of transparent, degenerate colonies, while those in the outer zone appeared healthy. This culture plate was one of several left on his laboratory bench at room temperature while he was away on holiday. On his return, he noticed the difference on this plate from the usual contaminated plate. He cultivated the fungus, Penicillium notatum, which he was initially informed was P. rubrum, and called the soluble extract penicillin. It cured local infections but, at the time, could not be purified to treat systemic infections. Many authors have criticized apparent failings in Fleming. This paper catalogs the criticisms and provides evidence to refute them.
1928年，亚历山大·弗莱明在研究金黄色葡萄球菌的变异菌株时发现，在一株金黄色葡萄球菌培养物边缘附近生长的一种真菌产生了一种扩散到培养基中的物质，该物质溶解了最邻近的微生物，从而在真菌周围立即形成了一个清晰的区域。再远一些是一个透明的、退化菌落的区域，而外层区域的菌落看起来是健康的。这个培养皿是他外出度假时留在实验室工作台上的几个培养皿之一。他回来后，注意到这个培养皿与通常被污染的培养皿有所不同。他培养了这种真菌——青霉菌（最初被告知是红色青霉），并将其可溶性提取物称为青霉素。它能治愈局部感染，但在当时无法提纯以治疗全身感染。许多作者批评了弗莱明明显的不足之处。本文列举了这些批评意见，并提供了反驳它们的证据。
