Khaodhiar L, McCowen K C, Blackburn G L
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Clin Cornerstone. 1999;2(3):17-31. doi: 10.1016/s1098-3597(99)90002-9.
Obese patients are at an increased risk for developing many medical problems, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, sleep apnea, gallbladder disease, hyperuricemia and gout, and osteoarthritis. Certain cancers are also associated with obesity, including colorectal and prostate cancer in men and endometrial, breast, and gallbladder cancer in women (1-6). Excess body weight is also associated with substantial increases in mortality from all causes, in particular, cardiovascular disease. More than 5% of the national health expenditure in the United States is directed at medical costs associated with obesity (7). In addition, certain psychologic problems, including binge-eating disorder and depression, are more common among obese persons than they are in the general population (8.9). Finally, obese individuals may suffer from social stigmatization and discrimination, and severely obese people may experience greater risk of impaired psychosocial and physical functioning, causing a negative impact on their quality of life (10).
肥胖患者出现多种医学问题的风险增加，包括胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、心血管疾病、中风、睡眠呼吸暂停、胆囊疾病、高尿酸血症和痛风以及骨关节炎。某些癌症也与肥胖有关，包括男性的结直肠癌和前列腺癌以及女性的子宫内膜癌、乳腺癌和胆囊癌(1-6)。体重超标还与全因死亡率大幅上升有关，尤其是心血管疾病。美国超过5%的国家卫生支出用于与肥胖相关的医疗费用(7)。此外，某些心理问题，包括暴饮暴食症和抑郁症，在肥胖人群中比在普通人群中更常见(8,9)。最后，肥胖个体可能会遭受社会污名化和歧视，严重肥胖者可能面临心理社会和身体功能受损的更大风险，对他们的生活质量产生负面影响(10)。
