Fowler M G, Simonds R J, Roongpisuthipong A
Pediatric and Adolescent Studies Section, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2000 Feb;47(1):21-38. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70193-0.
Over the past decade, much progress has been made in understanding the risk factors and timing of perinatal HIV transmission. Even more impressive have been the successful clinical trials with antiretrovirals, such as ZDV, ZDV-3TC, and nevirapine, that demonstrated significant reductions in the risk for infant infection. Within the United States and Europe, these trial results have led to rapid implementation and dramatic decreases in new perinatal HIV cases since 1994. An immediate challenge is to rapidly translate the short-course antiretroviral trial results with ZDV and nevirapine into public health policy and practice in resource-poor settings, where almost 600,000 neonates continue to become infected by mother-infant HIV transmission each year. Physicians must also test strategies to further decrease the risk for infant HIV infection during the breast-feeding period.
在过去十年中，我们在了解围产期艾滋病毒传播的风险因素和时机方面取得了很大进展。更令人印象深刻的是抗逆转录病毒药物（如齐多夫定、齐多夫定-拉米夫定和奈韦拉平）的临床试验取得成功，这些试验表明婴儿感染风险显著降低。在美国和欧洲，自1994年以来，这些试验结果促使抗逆转录病毒药物迅速得到应用，新的围产期艾滋病毒病例也大幅减少。一项紧迫的挑战是，迅速将齐多夫定和奈韦拉平的短期抗逆转录病毒试验结果转化为资源匮乏地区的公共卫生政策和实践，在这些地区，每年仍有近60万新生儿因母婴艾滋病毒传播而感染。医生还必须测试各种策略，以进一步降低母乳喂养期间婴儿感染艾滋病毒的风险。
