Ollila E, Koivusalo M, Hemminki E
National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health, Health Services Research Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Health Serv. 2000;30(1):87-110. doi: 10.2190/JHGH-0AND-8416-G7U8.
The international population policy agenda has traditionally been dominated by demographically driven population control policies. However, in the population policy development that preceded the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994, people's reproductive needs and rights received more emphasis. The aim of this study was to analyze how the new emphasis in population policies has been interpreted at the country level. In analyzing population policy rhetoric and its practical interpretations in India in 1994, the authors found that the rhetoric was broadening to encompass women's empowerment and reproductive health and that the use of direct method-specific monetary incentives and disincentives for accepting family planning methods was disapproved. However, population policy options were still considered mainly in terms of their ability to reduce fertility. Furthermore, the increased emphasis on the general market agenda was more important than that on reproductive needs and rights in molding population policies, as was evident in the greater stress on cost-recovery systems and nongovernmental actors. The findings suggest that the broader agenda for population policies and reproductive rights has been interpreted so that it can serve the aims of population-growth control and be implemented in the context of more market-oriented social policies and trade liberalization.
传统上，国际人口政策议程一直由人口统计学驱动的人口控制政策主导。然而，在1994年国际人口与发展会议之前的人口政策制定过程中，人们的生殖需求和权利受到了更多重视。本研究的目的是分析人口政策中的新重点在国家层面是如何被解读的。在分析1994年印度的人口政策言辞及其实际解读时，作者发现言辞正在拓宽，将妇女赋权和生殖健康纳入其中，并且不赞成对接受计划生育方法使用直接的特定方法货币激励和抑制措施。然而，人口政策选项仍主要根据其降低生育率的能力来考虑。此外，在塑造人口政策方面，对总体市场议程的更多强调比对生殖需求和权利的强调更为重要，这在对成本回收系统和非政府行为体的更大压力中显而易见。研究结果表明，人口政策和生殖权利的更广泛议程已被解读，以便它能够服务于人口增长控制的目标，并在更以市场为导向的社会政策和贸易自由化背景下实施。
