Hillebrand J
University of Mainz.
Addict Behav. 2000 Jan-Feb;25(1):139-43. doi: 10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00007-6.
Behavioral models of drug urges assume that conditioned urges are strongly associated with drug consumption. An alternative, cognitive model assumes that urges represent the operation of cognitively demanding processes devoted to either supporting or blocking the automatized drug-use behavior. In Study 1, the effect of verbal drug cues and mood induction on self-reported opiate urges were examined. Twenty-four opiate addicts were either instructed to listen to verbal drug cures or neutral cues. Negative mood induction was applied on 12 addicts. Study 2 examined the cognitive processes underlying these urges. In a dual task paradigm, participants responded to a probe stimulus and listened simultaneously to an imagery script. It was predicted that response times to the probe should increase to the extent that urge-related nonautomatic processing is invoked. Although negative affect was not associated with nonautomatic processing, the findings suggest that drug urges can be activated by drug cues and that cue-related urges are supported by nonautomatic cognitive processes.
药物渴望的行为模型假定，条件性渴望与药物消费密切相关。另一种认知模型则认为，渴望代表了致力于支持或阻止自动化药物使用行为的认知需求过程的运作。在研究1中，考察了言语药物线索和情绪诱导对自我报告的阿片类药物渴望的影响。24名阿片类药物成瘾者被指示要么听言语药物线索，要么听中性线索。对12名成瘾者进行了消极情绪诱导。研究2考察了这些渴望背后的认知过程。在一个双重任务范式中，参与者对一个探测刺激做出反应，同时听一个意象脚本。据预测，对探测刺激的反应时间应随着与渴望相关的非自动加工的调用而增加。虽然消极情绪与非自动加工无关，但研究结果表明，药物线索可以激活药物渴望，且与线索相关的渴望得到非自动认知过程的支持。
