Blum J Y, Micallef J P
School of Dentistry, University of Montpellier, France.
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1999 Aug;19(4):379-85.
The aim of this preliminary study was to analyze, in vitro, the forces developed by practitioners during amalgam condensation. Standardized Class II cavities were drilled into 40 freshly extracted teeth. The forces exerted during condensation were then measured by means of a new device, the Endographe, and plotted online or offline as a function of time on Endogrammes. The work techniques of the different practitioners revealed similarities. The mean values of the vertical forces (+/- SEM) were: 15 +/- 2 N for manual compaction of capsule amalgam; 8 +/- 3 N for manual compaction of amalgam with a higher mercury-to-alloy ratio; 6 +/- 4 N for mechanical compaction of encapsulated amalgam; and 4 +/- 2 N for mechanical compaction of the modified amalgam. For the horizontal components, the forces were, respectively, 5 +/- 2 N, 0.1 +/- 0.05 N, 3 +/- 1 N, and 0.7 +/- 0.2 N. The mean values of condensation time were 20 +/- 15 s for each incremental application, with a great variation in durations between the beginning and end of condensation. By visually depicting forces as a function of time, the Endographe can be used to analyze the process of amalgam insertion and condensation. Future research will study the relationship between the forces developed during condensation and the adaptation of the amalgam to the walls of the cavity.
这项初步研究的目的是在体外分析从业者在汞合金压实过程中产生的力量。在40颗新鲜拔除的牙齿上钻出标准化的II类洞形。然后使用一种新设备Endographe测量压实过程中施加的力，并在Endogrammes上在线或离线绘制为时间的函数。不同从业者的操作技术显示出相似性。垂直力的平均值（±标准误）为：胶囊型汞合金手工压实为15±2N；汞合金与合金比例较高时手工压实为8±3N；胶囊型汞合金机械压实为6±4N；改良汞合金机械压实为4±2N。对于水平分量，力分别为5±2N、0.1±0.05N、3±1N和0.7±0.2N。每次增量施加时压实时间的平均值为20±15秒，压实开始和结束之间的持续时间差异很大。通过直观地将力描绘为时间的函数，Endographe可用于分析汞合金填充和压实的过程。未来的研究将探讨压实过程中产生的力量与汞合金与洞壁贴合度之间的关系。
