May D, Hogg J
Department of Psychiatry, University of Dundee, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2000 Feb;44 ( Pt 1):68-80. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.2000.00256.x.
The present paper reports a follow-up study of a representative cohort of people with intellectual disability, now in middle age, who entered adult services on leaving school in the late 1960s, and whose adult years have coincided with a period of radical policy change and considerable service expansion. The present authors focus on the changes which have taken place in their use of residential services over this period. Firstly, the situation in early adulthood when they were last studied is examined. At this time, 60% of the cohort were still living at home, almost all with both parents. The remaining 40% were in institutions, mainly long-stay mental handicap hospitals. Out-of-home placement is associated with gender (maleness), challenging behaviour, and the absence of one or both parents. The present authors compare this with the situation 20 years later. The most significant change in this time is the expansion of the community sector, accounting for about half of the surviving cohort, with numbers still at home or in hospital correspondingly reduced. Almost half of the cohort had experienced little or no change in residential situation. On average, they were less intellectually and socially able than those who had moved into community provision.
本文报告了一项对具有代表性的智障人群队列的随访研究，这些人现已步入中年，他们于20世纪60年代末离校后进入成人服务体系，其成年期恰逢政策发生根本性变化且服务大幅扩张的时期。本文作者关注的是在此期间他们在使用住宿服务方面所发生的变化。首先，考察他们在成年早期（即上次被研究时）的情况。当时，该队列中有60%的人仍住在家里，几乎所有人都与父母双方同住。其余40%的人住在机构里，主要是长期的智障医院。离家安置与性别（男性）、具有挑战性的行为以及父母一方或双方缺失有关。本文作者将此情况与20年后的情况进行了比较。这一时期最显著的变化是社区服务部门的扩张，约占尚存队列的一半，在家中或住院的人数相应减少。几乎一半的队列成员在居住状况方面几乎没有变化。平均而言，他们在智力和社交能力方面不如那些已转入社区服务的人。
