Gubareva L V, Kaiser L, Hayden F G
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
Lancet. 2000 Mar 4;355(9206):827-35. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)11433-8.
Neuraminidase promotes influenza virus release from infected cells and facilitates virus spread within the respiratory tract. Several potent and specific inhibitors of this enzyme have been developed, and two (zanamivir and oseltamivir) have been approved for human use. Unlike amantadine and rimantadine that target the M2 protein of influenza A viruses, these drugs inhibit replication of both influenza A and B viruses. Zanamivir is delivered by inhalation because of its low oral bioavailability whereas oseltamivir is administered by mouth. Early treatment with either drug reduces the severity and duration of influenza symptoms and associated complications. Both agents are effective for chemoprophylaxis. Because of a broader antiviral spectrum, better tolerance, and less potential for emergence of resistance than is seen with the M2 inhibitors, the neuraminidase inhibitors represent an important advance in the treatment of influenza.
神经氨酸酶可促进流感病毒从受感染细胞中释放，并有助于病毒在呼吸道内传播。现已开发出几种强效且特异的该酶抑制剂，其中两种（扎那米韦和奥司他韦）已获批准用于人类。与针对甲型流感病毒M2蛋白的金刚烷胺和金刚乙胺不同，这些药物可抑制甲型和乙型流感病毒的复制。扎那米韦由于口服生物利用度低，通过吸入给药，而奥司他韦则口服给药。早期使用这两种药物中的任何一种均可减轻流感症状的严重程度和持续时间以及相关并发症。两种药物都对化学预防有效。由于与M2抑制剂相比，神经氨酸酶抑制剂具有更广泛的抗病毒谱、更好的耐受性以及更低的耐药性出现可能性，它们代表了流感治疗方面的一项重要进展。
