Cardiff R D, Anver M R, Gusterson B A, Hennighausen L, Jensen R A, Merino M J, Rehm S, Russo J, Tavassoli F A, Wakefield L M, Ward J M, Green J E
U.C.D. Center for Comparative Medicine, County Road 98 and Hutchison Drive, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Oncogene. 2000 Feb 21;19(8):968-88. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203277.
NIH sponsored a meeting of medical and veterinary pathologists with mammary gland expertise in Annapolis in March 1999. Rapid development of mouse mammary models has accentuated the need for definitions of the mammary lesions in genetically engineered mice (GEM) and to assess their usefulness as models of human breast disease. The panel of nine pathologists independently reviewed material representing over 90% of the published systems. The GEM tumors were found to have: (1) phenotypes similar to those of non-GEM; (2) signature phenotypes specific to the transgene; and (3) some morphological similarities to the human disease. The current mouse mammary and human breast tumor classifications describe the majority of GEM lesions but unique morphologic lesions are found in many GEM. Since little information is available on the natural history of GEM lesions, a simple morphologic nomenclature is proposed that allows direct comparisons between models. Future progress requires rigorous application of guidelines covering pathologic examination of the mammary gland and the whole animal. Since the phenotype of the lesions is an essential component of their molecular pathology, funding agencies should adopt policies ensuring careful morphological evaluation of any funded research involving animal models. A pathologist should be part of each research team.
1999年3月，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）在安纳波利斯主办了一次由具有乳腺专业知识的医学和兽医病理学家参加的会议。小鼠乳腺模型的快速发展凸显了对基因工程小鼠（GEM）乳腺病变进行定义并评估其作为人类乳腺疾病模型有效性的必要性。由九名病理学家组成的小组独立审查了代表已发表系统90%以上的材料。发现GEM肿瘤具有：（1）与非GEM肿瘤相似的表型；（2）转基因特异性的标志性表型；（3）与人类疾病的一些形态学相似性。当前的小鼠乳腺和人类乳腺肿瘤分类描述了大多数GEM病变，但在许多GEM中发现了独特的形态学病变。由于关于GEM病变自然史的信息很少，因此提出了一种简单的形态学命名法，以便在模型之间进行直接比较。未来的进展需要严格应用涵盖乳腺和整个动物病理检查的指南。由于病变的表型是其分子病理学的重要组成部分，资助机构应采取政策，确保对任何涉及动物模型的资助研究进行仔细的形态学评估。每个研究团队都应有一名病理学家参与。
