Lynch S R
Eastern Virginia Medical School, Medical Service, Hampton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Virginia 23667, USA.
J Nutr. 2000 Feb;130(2S Suppl):448S-451S. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.2.448S.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for mothers and infants. Over 50% of pregnant women in developing countries suffer from IDA. It is also prevalent among adolescent girls because the growth spurt and onset of menstruation increase iron requirements. Women who conceive during or shortly after adolescence are likely to enter pregnancy with low or absent iron stores or IDA. Iron supplementation during adolescence is one of the new strategies advocated to improve iron balance in pregnancy. However, iron requirements are highest in the second and third trimesters and the model described here indicates that iron balance at this stage depends more on adequate intakes of bioavailable iron than on the size of the iron stores at conception. Furthermore, although supplementation will correct anemia and increase iron stores in girls, the positive effect on iron status will be temporary if their diets do not contain adequate bioavailable iron. Although iron status in early pregnancy may be improved if the period of supplementation continues up to the time of conception, supplementation before pregnancy should be viewed as an additional strategy to supplementation during the second and third trimesters.
孕期缺铁性贫血（IDA）会给母婴带来严重的发病风险。发展中国家超过50%的孕妇患有缺铁性贫血。在青春期女孩中也很普遍，因为生长突增和月经初潮会增加铁的需求量。在青春期或青春期后不久怀孕的女性很可能在怀孕时铁储备低或没有铁储备，或者患有缺铁性贫血。青春期补充铁剂是为改善孕期铁平衡而倡导的新策略之一。然而，铁需求量在妊娠中期和晚期最高，此处描述的模型表明，此阶段的铁平衡更多地取决于可生物利用铁的充足摄入量，而非受孕时铁储备的量。此外，尽管补充铁剂会纠正女孩的贫血并增加铁储备，但如果她们的饮食中不含有足够的可生物利用铁，对铁状态的积极影响将是暂时的。尽管如果补充铁剂的时期持续到受孕时，孕早期的铁状态可能会得到改善，但孕前补充铁剂应被视为妊娠中期和晚期补充铁剂的一项额外策略。
