Stein K D, Goldman M S, Del Boca F K
Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa 33620-8200, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2000 Feb;109(1):106-15.
Studies showing that verbal priming can implicitly affect alcohol consumption have been used to support cognitive models of expectancies. However, because expectancy words reflect affective states as well as drinking outcomes, mediation through an affective pathway remains theoretically plausible (i.e., such words inadvertently may affect mood, which in turn influences drinking). The primary pathway was identified (and expectancy theory was tested) by comparing memory priming (using alcohol expectancy or neutral words) with mood induction (using positive or neutral music); an unrelated experiment paradigm allowed the priming manipulation to implicitly affect drinking. Men in the alcohol priming group drank significantly more than men in each of the other conditions, and, consistent with theory, men with histories of heavier drinking drank the most when primed with alcohol expectancies, indicating that expectancies can function as automatic memory processes.
表明言语启动能隐性影响酒精消费的研究已被用于支持预期的认知模型。然而，由于预期词汇既反映情感状态也反映饮酒结果，通过情感途径进行中介在理论上仍然是合理的（即，此类词汇可能会无意中影响情绪，进而影响饮酒）。通过比较记忆启动（使用酒精预期或中性词汇）和情绪诱导（使用积极或中性音乐）来确定主要途径（并检验预期理论）；一个不相关的实验范式使启动操作能隐性影响饮酒。酒精启动组中的男性比其他各条件组中的男性饮酒量显著更多，并且，与理论一致的是，有重度饮酒史的男性在被给予酒精预期启动时饮酒量最大，这表明预期可以作为自动记忆过程发挥作用。
