Wiers Reinout W, Stacy Alan W, Ames Susan L, Noll Jane A, Sayette Michael A, Zack Martin, Krank Marvin
Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universiteit Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Jan;26(1):129-37.
This article presents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2001 RSA Meeting in Montreal, Canada organized by Reinout W. Wiers and Alan W. Stacy. The purpose of the symposium was to present recent applications of implicit cognitive processing theory to alcohol research. Basic cognitive research has demonstrated that implicit cognition influences memory and behavior without explicit recall or introspection. The presentations from this symposium show that implicit cognition approaches yield new insights into understanding drinking motivation. The presentations were: (1) An introduction by Alan W. Stacy; (2) Implicit cognition and alcohol use. Involvement of other variables? (Susan L. Ames); (3) Alcohol expectancies and the art of implicit priming (Jane A. Noll); (4) Parental alcoholism and the effects of alcohol on semantic priming (Michael A. Sayette); (5) Implicit arousal and explicit liking of alcohol in heavy drinkers (Reinout W. Wiers); and (6) Negative affective cues and associative cognition in problem drinkers (Martin Zack). Comments were provided by the discussant Marvin Krank. The presented studies demonstrated that: (1) implicit memories of alcohol associations are powerful predictors and cross-sectional correlates of alcohol use; (2) implicit retrieval processes influence alcohol outcome expectancies and alcohol consumption; (3) alcohol consumption influences implicit memory processing; (4) heavy drinkers reveal different affective responses in implicit and explicit tasks; and (5) negative affect exerts an implicit priming effect for alcohol associations in problem drinkers. These findings illustrate the importance of implicit cognition in understanding alcohol abuse and demonstrate the potential of the theoretical framework for more widespread application across a variety of areas of alcohol research, including diagnostics for the risk of alcohol abuse, treatment, and prevention.
本文介绍了由雷诺特·W·维尔斯和艾伦·W·斯泰西组织的、于2001年在加拿大蒙特利尔举行的RSA会议上的一场研讨会的会议记录。该研讨会的目的是展示内隐认知加工理论在酒精研究中的最新应用。基础认知研究表明，内隐认知在没有明确回忆或内省的情况下会影响记忆和行为。本次研讨会的报告表明，内隐认知方法为理解饮酒动机带来了新的见解。这些报告分别是：（1）艾伦·W·斯泰西的引言；（2）内隐认知与酒精使用。其他变量的参与情况？（苏珊·L·艾姆斯）；（3）酒精预期与内隐启动技术（简·A·诺尔）；（4）父母酗酒与酒精对语义启动的影响（迈克尔·A·赛耶特）；（5）酗酒者对内隐唤醒和酒精的明确喜好（雷诺特·W·维尔斯）；以及（6）问题饮酒者中的负面情感线索与联想认知（马丁·扎克）。讨论者马文·克兰克提供了评论。所展示的研究表明：（1）酒精联想的内隐记忆是酒精使用的有力预测指标和横断面相关因素；（2）内隐检索过程会影响酒精结果预期和酒精消费；（3）酒精消费会影响内隐记忆加工；（4）酗酒者在隐式和显式任务中表现出不同的情感反应；以及（5）负面情感对问题饮酒者的酒精联想产生内隐启动效应。这些发现说明了内隐认知在理解酒精滥用方面的重要性，并证明了该理论框架在酒精研究的各个领域更广泛应用的潜力，包括酒精滥用风险的诊断、治疗和预防。
