Kassel J D, Unrod M
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2000 Feb;109(1):161-6. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.109.1.161.
Based on J.D. Kassel and S. Shiffman's (1997) study, the hypothesis was tested that cigarette smoking's anxiolytic effects are attentionally mediated and depend on the presence of benign distraction. This study explored whether the attentionally mediated anxiolytic effects of smoking observed in the J. D. Kassel and S. Shiffman (1997) study could be replicated and are attributable to nicotine. The study examined the effect on anxiety of smoking a high- or low-yield nicotine cigarette with or without a current distraction in 67 smokers. As predicted, only those who smoked a high-yield cigarette paired with participation in a distracting activity experienced a significant reduction in anxiety. Those who smoked a high-yield cigarette in the absence of distraction experienced a slight exacerbation of anxiety. These findings suggest that nicotine--not the behavioral or sensory aspects of smoking--interacts with distraction and leads to alleviation of anxiety.
基于J.D. 卡塞尔和S. 希夫曼（1997年）的研究，对吸烟的抗焦虑作用是通过注意力介导的且依赖于良性干扰的存在这一假设进行了检验。本研究探讨了在J.D. 卡塞尔和S. 希夫曼（1997年）的研究中观察到的吸烟通过注意力介导的抗焦虑作用是否能够被复制，以及是否归因于尼古丁。该研究考察了67名吸烟者在有或无当前干扰的情况下吸高尼古丁含量或低尼古丁含量香烟对焦虑的影响。正如预测的那样，只有那些吸高尼古丁含量香烟并参与干扰活动的人焦虑水平显著降低。那些在无干扰情况下吸高尼古丁含量香烟的人焦虑略有加剧。这些发现表明，是尼古丁——而非吸烟的行为或感官方面——与干扰相互作用并导致焦虑减轻。
