Koch I, Hoffmann J
Max-Planck-Institut für psychologische Forschung, München, Germany.
Psychol Res. 2000;63(1):22-35. doi: 10.1007/pl00008165.
The impact of relational structures (i.e., the systematicity of relations between successive items) on incidental sequence learning was investigated in a serial reaction-time (SRT) task while keeping constant the statistical structure. In order to assess the influence of relational structures in stimulus and response sequences separately, the strength of relational patterns in sequences of digits as stimuli and of keystrokes as responses was orthogonally varied. In Exps. 1 and 2, the variation of relational patterns was mainly effective in the keystroke sequence. In Exp. 2, in addition to the variation of relational patterns, the presentation of stimuli was delayed at serial positions that were incongruent with the relational structure. The results show that these incongruent pauses reduced the learning of strongly structured sequences of keystrokes but improved the learning of weakly structured sequences. Experiment 3 suggests that even higher-order relations between elementary patterns are utilized to accelerate responses. The data are interpreted as evidence for the impact of relational patterns, in addition to statistical redundancies, on the formation of chunks. Reasons are discussed for the finding that relational chunking was more pronounced in the keystroke than in the digit sequences.
在保持统计结构不变的情况下，通过序列反应时（SRT）任务研究了关系结构（即连续项目之间关系的系统性）对附带序列学习的影响。为了分别评估关系结构在刺激序列和反应序列中的影响，作为刺激的数字序列和作为反应的按键序列中关系模式的强度被正交变化。在实验1和实验2中，关系模式的变化主要在按键序列中起作用。在实验2中，除了关系模式的变化外，在与关系结构不一致的序列位置上延迟了刺激的呈现。结果表明，这些不一致的停顿减少了强结构按键序列的学习，但提高了弱结构序列的学习。实验3表明，甚至基本模式之间的高阶关系也被用来加速反应。这些数据被解释为除统计冗余外，关系模式对组块形成有影响的证据。讨论了在按键序列中比在数字序列中关系组块更明显这一发现的原因。
