Spear S L, Elmaraghy M, Hess C
Division of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000 Apr;105(4):1542-52; discussion 1553-4.
The earliest silicone breast implants were smooth-surface, silicone rubber devices filled with either silicone gel or saline. Because of persistent problems with capsular contracture, polyurethane-covered silicone implants were developed as an alternative. Particularly in the short run, these alternatives proved highly successful at reducing the incidence of capsular contracture. By 1990, polyurethane-covered implants were rapidly becoming the preferred implant choice of many plastic surgeons, but for legal, regulatory, financial, and safety reasons they were withdrawn from the market by Bristol-Myers in 1991. Meanwhile, during the late 1980s, surface texturing and improved materials became available on other silicone breast implants and expanders. Most studies suggest that textured-surface silicone gel-filled implants, saline-filled implants, and tissue expanders have less frequent capsular contracture than their smooth-surface counterparts.
最早的硅胶乳房植入物是表面光滑、由硅胶橡胶制成的装置，内部填充硅胶凝胶或盐水。由于包膜挛缩问题持续存在，于是开发了聚氨酯涂层硅胶植入物作为替代方案。特别是在短期内，这些替代方案在降低包膜挛缩发生率方面被证明非常成功。到1990年，聚氨酯涂层植入物迅速成为许多整形外科医生首选的植入物，但由于法律、监管、财务和安全原因，百时美公司于1991年将其撤出市场。与此同时，在20世纪80年代后期，其他硅胶乳房植入物和组织扩张器出现了表面纹理化和改良材料。大多数研究表明，表面有纹理的硅胶凝胶填充植入物、盐水填充植入物和组织扩张器比表面光滑的同类产品发生包膜挛缩的频率更低。
