Salamonsen L A, Kovacs G T, Findlay J K
Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 1999 Jun;13(2):161-79. doi: 10.1053/beog.1999.0015.
Menstruation is the process whereby the superficial or functionalis layer of the endometrium lining the uterine cavity disintegrates and is removed from the uterine lumen towards the end of the luteal phase of a non-pregnant cycle. Within a period of 5-6 days the old lining is removed and a new lining regenerated without scarring occurring, a remarkable example of controlled tissue remodelling unparalleled in other organs. This chapter describes the phenomenon of menstruation and tissue repair and reviews the vasoconstrictor and inflammatory hypotheses for the initiation of menstruation. Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of steroids, prostaglandins, endothelin, lysosomal enzymes and matrix metalloproteinases, and the involvement of the fibrinolytic system and apoptosis. Repair of the endometrium is compared to the processes and mechanisms of wound healing.
月经是指在未怀孕周期的黄体期末期，子宫内膜 lining the uterine cavity 的表层或功能层崩解并从子宫腔排出的过程。在5-6天内，旧的内膜被清除，新的内膜再生且无瘢痕形成，这是其他器官无法比拟的受控组织重塑的显著例子。本章描述了月经和组织修复现象，并综述了月经起始的血管收缩和炎症假说。特别强调了类固醇、前列腺素、内皮素、溶酶体酶和基质金属蛋白酶的作用，以及纤维蛋白溶解系统和细胞凋亡的参与。将子宫内膜的修复与伤口愈合的过程和机制进行了比较。
