Videman T, Lereim I, Hemmingsson P, Turner M S, Rousseau-Bianchi M P, Jenoure P, Raas E, Schönhuber H, Rusko H, Stray-Gundersen J
The Medical Committee of the International Ski Federation and KIHU-Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000 Apr;10(2):98-102. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010002098.x.
Hemoglobin data have been available from ski teams beginning from 1987, and from 1989 to 1999 we have followed hemoglobin values in elite cross-country skiers in international competitions. The mean values at the 1989 World Nordic Ski Championships were lower than population reference values, as would be expected from plasma volume expansion associated with endurance training. However, an increase, particularly in the maximal values, became obvious in 1994 and rose further in 1996. These extreme values provide both a health risk to the individual athlete and unfair competition. After a rule limiting hemoglobin values was introduced, the drop of the highest values was remarkable: among men 15 g/l (0.23 mmol/l) and among women 42 g/l (0.65 mmol/l). It would appear that the rule had achieved its goal of limiting extreme hemoglobin values. Yet the mean hemoglobin concentrations in men and women have continued to rise, suggesting the continued use of artificial methods to increase total hemoglobin mass.
自1987年起，滑雪队就开始有血红蛋白数据，1989年至1999年期间，我们跟踪了国际比赛中优秀越野滑雪运动员的血红蛋白值。1989年世界北欧滑雪锦标赛的平均值低于人群参考值，这与耐力训练导致的血浆量增加预期相符。然而，1994年血红蛋白值出现了升高，尤其是最大值，1996年进一步上升。这些极端值对运动员个人健康构成风险，也造成不公平竞争。在引入限制血红蛋白值的规定后，最高值下降显著：男性下降了15 g/l（0.23 mmol/l），女性下降了42 g/l（0.65 mmol/l）。该规定似乎实现了限制极端血红蛋白值的目标。然而，男性和女性的平均血红蛋白浓度仍在持续上升，这表明仍在继续使用人工方法增加血红蛋白总量。
