Loko J, Aule R, Sikkut T, Ereline J, Viru A
Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2000 Apr;10(2):109-13. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2000.010002109.x.
The improvement of motor abilities is associated with the periodical acceleration of changes in adolescents of both sexes. The present cross-sectional study is aimed at establishing smooth curves of motor performance status in 10 to 17-year-old girls. Motor performance was tested in 902 girls with the aid of 30 m dash, standing long jump, vertical jump, pushing a stuffed ball (2 kg), standing quintuplet jump, isometric strength of back extensor muscles, trunk forward flexion and 1-min ergocycling at the highest possible rate. Statistically significant differences of all studied motor abilities between the age groups of 10-12 were indicated. In height and body mass the most pronounced differences (on average 6.5 cm and 7.7 kg, respectively) appeared between the age groups of 12 and 13. At the age of 13 the group results were statistically higher than those at 12 in pushing a stuffed ball, vertical jump, quintuplet jump, strength of back extensors muscle, 30 m dash and ergocycling test, but not in standing long jump and trunk forward flexion. At the age of 14 the performance was not higher than at 13, except in the vertical jump and quintuplet jump. From 14 to 16 years of age differences reappeared in the results of vertical jump, quintuplet jump, pushing a stuffed ball, 1-min cycling and trunk forward flexion but not in the 30 m dash and standing long jump. The lack of significant differences between the age groups of 16 and 17 indicated the final stabilization of tested motor abilities. The obtained results suggest the existence of several periods in motor performance status in 10 to 17-year-old Estonian girls: 1) The biggest differences in the mean results of the tests on motor abilities occurred between ages 10-11, 11-12 and 12-13, which coincide with the biggest differences in height and weight at the same age. 2) The differences in the mean results of most tests on motor abilities stabilized between the age groups of 13 and 14. The mean results of 14-year-old girls were lower in some tests compared to the results of 13-year-olds. 3) The positive differences in the mean results remained between the age groups of 14-15 and 15-16 (excluding the sprint velocity and standing long jump). 4) The final stabilization of motor abilities occurred at the age of 16 to 17.
运动能力的提升与两性青少年变化的阶段性加速相关。本横断面研究旨在确定10至17岁女孩运动表现状况的平滑曲线。借助30米短跑、立定跳远、垂直跳、推实心球（2千克）、立定五级跳、背伸肌等长力量、躯干前屈以及以最高可能速率进行的1分钟自行车运动测试，对902名女孩的运动表现进行了测试。结果表明，10至12岁年龄组之间所有研究的运动能力存在统计学显著差异。在身高和体重方面，12岁和13岁年龄组之间出现了最明显的差异（平均分别为6.5厘米和7.7千克）。在13岁时，推实心球、垂直跳、五级跳、背伸肌力量、30米短跑和自行车运动测试的组内结果在统计学上高于12岁时，但立定跳远和躯干前屈测试除外。在14岁时，除垂直跳和五级跳外，表现并不高于13岁时。14至16岁之间，垂直跳、五级跳、推实心球、1分钟自行车运动和躯干前屈测试结果再次出现差异，但30米短跑和立定跳远测试结果没有差异。16岁和17岁年龄组之间缺乏显著差异表明所测试的运动能力最终趋于稳定。所得结果表明，10至17岁爱沙尼亚女孩的运动表现状况存在几个阶段：1）运动能力测试平均结果的最大差异出现在10 - 11岁、11 - 12岁和12 - 13岁之间，这与同年龄身高和体重的最大差异相吻合。2）大多数运动能力测试平均结果的差异在13岁和14岁年龄组之间趋于稳定。14岁女孩在某些测试中的平均结果低于13岁女孩。3）14 - 15岁和15 - 16岁年龄组之间平均结果仍存在正向差异（短跑速度和立定跳远除外）。4）运动能力在16至17岁时最终趋于稳定。
