McMurray R G, Harrell J S, Deng S, Bradley C B, Cox L M, Bangdiwala S I
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-8700, USA.
Obes Res. 2000 Mar;8(2):130-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2000.14.
This study examined the effects of physical activity, television viewing, video game play, socioeconomic status (SES), and ethnicity on body mass index (BMI).
The sample was 2389 adolescents, 10 to 16 years of age (12.7 +/- 1.0 years); 1240 (52%) females and 1149 (48%) males; 77% white and 23% African American; from rural (77%) and urban (23%) settings. BMI and skinfolds were directly assessed. All other data were obtained from questionnaires.
Watching television on non-school days was related to being overweight (p < 0.005). However, when BMI analyses were adjusted for ethnicity and SES, there were no significant effects of television viewing on BMI (p > 0.061). Increased hours of video game play enhanced the risk of being overweight for both genders when analyses were adjusted for ethnicity and SES (p < 0.019). In males, participation in as little as one high-intensity physical activity 3 to 5 days a week decreased the ethnic- and SES-adjusted relative risk of being overweight (RR = 0.646; CI: 0.427 to 0.977). For females, the ethnic- and SES-adjusted relative risk for being overweight was not significantly altered by physical activity. The logistic analyses further indicated the influence of low SES and African American ethnicity overshadowed any direct effect of television or videos.
Because weight status of male adolescents appears to be more related to exercise habits than to television or video game habits, increased participation in high-intensity exercise appears to be important. For females, neither videos nor exercise habits appear to be related to risk of being overweight. However, ethnicity and SES may be important factors that can influence body weight status, while television viewing may be of some importance. Thus, programs to reduce obesity in female adolescent should focus their efforts in lower SES communities.
本研究探讨了体育活动、看电视、玩电子游戏、社会经济地位（SES）和种族对体重指数（BMI）的影响。
样本为2389名10至16岁的青少年（平均年龄12.7±1.0岁）；其中1240名（52%）为女性，1149名（48%）为男性；77%为白人，23%为非裔美国人；来自农村（77%）和城市（23%）地区。直接测量BMI和皮褶厚度。所有其他数据通过问卷调查获得。
非上学日看电视与超重有关（p<0.005）。然而，在对种族和SES进行BMI分析调整后，看电视对BMI没有显著影响（p>0.061）。在对种族和SES进行分析调整后，电子游戏时间增加会增加男女超重的风险（p<0.019）。在男性中，每周3至5天参加至少一次高强度体育活动可降低经种族和SES调整后的超重相对风险（RR = 0.646；CI：0.427至0.977）。对于女性，体育活动并未显著改变经种族和SES调整后的超重相对风险。逻辑分析进一步表明，低SES和非裔美国人种族的影响超过了电视或电子游戏的任何直接影响。
由于男性青少年的体重状况似乎与运动习惯而非看电视或玩电子游戏的习惯更相关，因此增加高强度运动的参与度似乎很重要。对于女性来说，电子游戏和运动习惯似乎都与超重风险无关。然而，种族和SES可能是影响体重状况的重要因素，而看电视可能也有一定重要性。因此，减少女性青少年肥胖的项目应将重点放在低SES社区。
