McNevin N H, Wulf G, Carlson C
Department of Physical Therapy, Wayne State University, 1400 Chrysler Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Phys Ther. 2000 Apr;80(4):373-85. doi: 10.1093/ptj/80.4.373.
In this article, the authors review recent studies on 3 factors that have been shown to affect the learning of motor skills-the performer's attentional focus, self-control, and practice in dyads-and discuss their implications for rehabilitation. Research has shown that directing learners' attention to the effects of their movements can be more beneficial for learning than directing their attention to the details of their own actions. Furthermore, giving learners some control over the training regimen has been found to enhance learning, unlike prescriptive training protocols that dictate when feedback will be delivered, how often, and the order that tasks will be practiced. Finally, not only can practice in dyads (or larger groups) reduce the costs of training, but it can also result in more effective learning than individual practice sessions. The incorporation of these factors into rehabilitation practice can potentially enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of rehabilitation.
在本文中，作者回顾了最近关于已被证明会影响运动技能学习的三个因素的研究——执行者的注意力焦点、自我控制以及双人练习——并讨论了它们对康复的影响。研究表明，引导学习者将注意力集中在其动作的效果上，可能比引导他们关注自身动作的细节对学习更有益。此外，已发现给予学习者对训练方案的一定控制权可增强学习效果，这与规定何时提供反馈、反馈频率以及练习任务顺序的规范性训练方案不同。最后，双人（或更大群体）练习不仅可以降低训练成本，而且与个人练习相比，还能带来更有效的学习效果。将这些因素纳入康复实践有可能提高康复的有效性和效率。
