Price D T, Davidoff R, Balady G J
Section of Cardiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
Am J Cardiol. 2000 Apr 15;85(8):996-1001. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00917-0.
The effect of long-term arm exercise on cardiac morphology and function is unknown. To study these effects, highly trained wheelchair athletes were compared with long-distance runners and controls. In addition, the wheelchair athletes were compared with the long-distance runners to determine if long-term leg exercise confers a training effect during the performance of dynamic arm exercise. The study included 31 male subjects (mean age of 33+/-5 years), who comprised 3 groups matched for age and weight: wheelchair athletes (n = 9), long-distance runners (n = 12), and healthy controls (n = 10). All underwent echocardiography at rest and arm ergometry exercise testing with expiratory gas analysis. The peak work rate during arm exercise was highest among the wheelchair athletes, and was significantly higher in both groups of trained athletes compared with the control group (p<0.001). Runners demonstrated a significantly lower submaximal heart rate response to arm exercise compared with wheelchair and control subjects. Wheelchair athletes had increased left ventricular (LV) volume and mass by echocardiography compared with controls, but not to the same degree as that of runners. Although chamber dimensions and wall thickness did not differ among the groups, the LV volume index tended to be largest in the runners. Doppler indexes of diastolic LV filling were similar between the trained and untrained subjects. These data demonstrate that both long-term arm and leg exercise yield increases in LV volume and mass compared with untrained control subjects, although to a lesser degree in arm-trained athletes. Runners demonstrated a transfer of training effect in the performance of dynamic arm exercise, as demonstrated by their ability to achieve a higher peak work rate than controls, and showed a lower heart rate response to submaximal exercise than the wheelchair athletes and control subjects.
长期手臂运动对心脏形态和功能的影响尚不清楚。为了研究这些影响，将训练有素的轮椅运动员与长跑运动员及对照组进行了比较。此外，还将轮椅运动员与长跑运动员进行比较，以确定长期腿部运动在动态手臂运动过程中是否具有训练效果。该研究纳入了31名男性受试者（平均年龄33±5岁），他们被分为3组，年龄和体重相匹配：轮椅运动员（n = 9）、长跑运动员（n = 12）和健康对照组（n = 10）。所有受试者均在静息状态下接受超声心动图检查，并在手臂测力计运动测试时进行呼气气体分析。手臂运动期间的峰值工作率在轮椅运动员中最高，与对照组相比，两组训练有素的运动员的峰值工作率均显著更高（p<0.001）。与轮椅运动员和对照组相比，长跑运动员在进行手臂运动时次最大心率反应显著更低。超声心动图显示，与对照组相比，轮椅运动员的左心室（LV）容积和质量增加，但增加程度不如长跑运动员。尽管各组之间心室大小和壁厚没有差异，但左心室容积指数在长跑运动员中往往最大。训练有素和未训练的受试者之间舒张期左心室充盈的多普勒指数相似。这些数据表明，与未训练的对照组相比，长期手臂运动和腿部运动都会使左心室容积和质量增加，尽管手臂训练的运动员增加程度较小。长跑运动员在动态手臂运动中表现出训练效果的转移，这体现在他们能够比对照组达到更高的峰值工作率，并且在次最大运动时心率反应比轮椅运动员和对照组更低。
