Koleva M, Kadiiska A, Markovska V, Nacheva A, Boev M
Department of Hygiene Ecology and Occupational Health, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2000 Feb;8(1):10-3.
Of this investigation is to explore the effect of several alimentary factors--such as diet, nutritional habits, and personal preferences--upon the occurrence of obesity.
Of the study were 264 workers (203 men and 61 women) from the ammonium production department of a fertilizer plant, divided into two age groups: under 30 years and over 30 years.
The data are collected by means of a questionnaire about daily nutrition, including the types and average quantity of food (Food Frequency Questionnaires--FFQ). All collected information is analyzed by means of a computer program with a database that includes the chemical structure of food products and takes into account the losses in their nutritional value that occurs in the course of preservation and thermal processing. The nutritional status is assessed on the basis of a Body Mass Index (BMI): group I--normal body mass--BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2; group II--overweight--BMI 25.1-30 kg/m2; group III--obesity--BMI > 30 kg/m2.
The assessment of the individual energy intake shows that hyper-energetic nutrition is typical for 67% of the individuals examined. There is no significant age and/or gender difference. This is the result of extra-intake of fat (over 30 E%), which is observed for 87.9% of all workers, and over 40 E% for almost half of the women examined. All age and gender groups display hyper-protein nutrition with pronounced cellulose (fiber) deficit, high daily intake of sodium, and disbalance of mineral salts as well as a relative deficit of vitamin A, B1, and PP. The frequency of overweight individuals is 43.9%, while that of obese individuals is 23.1%. The majority of workers (70.1% of group I, 63.2% of group II, and 79% of group III) have three meals a day. For 43% of group III individuals dinner is the largest meal. A significantly higher percentage of group III individuals (21.3%) think that they overeat.
Hyper-energetic, disbalanced nutrition, and incorrect nutritional-behavioral model are factors that determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the workers examined.
本调查旨在探究多种饮食因素——如饮食、营养习惯和个人偏好——对肥胖发生的影响。
研究对象为一家化肥厂铵生产部门的264名工人（203名男性和61名女性），分为两个年龄组：30岁以下和30岁以上。
通过一份关于日常营养的问卷收集数据，包括食物类型和平均摄入量（食物频率问卷——FFQ）。所有收集到的信息通过一个计算机程序进行分析，该程序带有一个数据库，其中包含食品的化学结构，并考虑到食品在保存和热处理过程中营养价值的损失。根据体重指数（BMI）评估营养状况：第一组——正常体重——BMI为18.5 - 25 kg/m²；第二组——超重——BMI为25.1 - 30 kg/m²；第三组——肥胖——BMI > 30 kg/m²。
对个体能量摄入的评估表明，67%的受检个体存在高能量营养摄入情况。不存在显著的年龄和/或性别差异。这是脂肪摄入过多（超过30 E%）的结果，87.9%的工人都存在这种情况，几乎一半的受检女性脂肪摄入量超过40 E%。所有年龄和性别组均表现出高蛋白营养，纤维素（纤维）明显缺乏，每日钠摄入量高，矿物盐失衡，以及维生素A、B1和PP相对缺乏。超重个体的比例为43.9%，肥胖个体的比例为23.1%。大多数工人（第一组的7
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