Treatment of chronic pain syndrome.

We address the psychological and pharmacological treatment of chronic pain syndrome. The commonly used pain management protocols in each area are described. Psychological management procedures that are covered include relaxation methods, patient education, cognitive therapy techniques, and patient compliance enhancement. Concerning pharmacological management, the World Health Organization ladder analgesic guidelines are described, as well as adjunct medications, such as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics.