LaKind J S, Graves C G, Ginevan M E, Jenkins R A, Naiman D Q, Tardiff R G
Sapphire Group, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Risk Anal. 1999 Jun;19(3):349-58. doi: 10.1023/a:1007036225741.
Concentrating on exposure in workplaces where smoking occurs, we examined environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-related concentration data from the 16-City Study. This study involved a large population of nonsmokers, used personal monitors, and encompassed a wide selection of ETS-related constituents. This first article in a series of three describes the 16-City Study, considers the impact of demographic variables, and concludes that these variables did not explain differences in exposure to ETS. We compared 16-City Study concentrations obtained in the workplace to previously reported workplace concentrations and determined that data from this study were representative of current ETS exposure in nonmanufacturing workplaces where smoking occurs. Considering factors other than demographic factors, we found that, not surprisingly, the number of cigarettes observed in the workplace had an impact on exposure concentrations. Finally, we compared people from homes where smoking occurs with people from nonsmoking homes and found that people from smoking homes observed more smoking in the workplace and experienced higher concentrations of ETS-related compounds in the workplace, even when they observed the same number of cigarettes being smoked in the workplace. In two subsequent articles in this series, we discuss relationships between various ETS markers and provide estimates of distributions of doses to nonsmoking workers employed in workplaces where smoking occurs.
我们专注于吸烟场所的暴露情况，研究了来自16城市研究的环境烟草烟雾（ETS）相关浓度数据。该研究涉及大量不吸烟者，使用了个人监测器，并涵盖了多种与ETS相关的成分。这三篇系列文章中的第一篇描述了16城市研究，考虑了人口统计学变量的影响，并得出结论，这些变量无法解释ETS暴露的差异。我们将在工作场所获得的16城市研究浓度与先前报告的工作场所浓度进行了比较，确定该研究的数据代表了吸烟的非制造工作场所当前的ETS暴露情况。考虑到人口统计学因素以外的其他因素，我们发现，不出所料，工作场所观察到的香烟数量对暴露浓度有影响。最后，我们将来自有吸烟家庭的人与来自无烟家庭的人进行了比较，发现来自有吸烟家庭的人在工作场所观察到更多吸烟情况，并且在工作场所接触到更高浓度的ETS相关化合物，即使他们在工作场所观察到的吸烟数量相同。在本系列的后续两篇文章中，我们将讨论各种ETS标志物之间的关系，并提供对在吸烟工作场所工作的不吸烟工人剂量分布的估计。
