LaKind J S, Ginevan M E, Naiman D Q, James A C, Jenkins R A, Dourson M L, Felter S P, Graves C G, Tardiff R G
Johns Hopkins University, Department of Mathematical Sciences, USA.
Risk Anal. 1999 Jun;19(3):375-90. doi: 10.1023/a:1007040326649.
The ultimate goal of the research reported in this series of three articles is to derive distributions of doses of selected environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)-related chemicals for nonsmoking workers. This analysis uses data from the 16-City Study collected with personal monitors over the course of one workday in workplaces where smoking occurred. In this article, we describe distributions of ETS chemical concentrations and the characteristics of those distributions (e.g., whether the distribution was log normal for a given constituent) for the workplace exposure. Next, we present population parameters relevant for estimating dose distributions and the methods used for estimating those dose distributions. Finally, we derive distributions of doses of selected ETS-related constituents obtained in the workplace for people in smoking work environments. Estimating dose distributions provided information beyond the usual point estimate of dose and showed that the preponderance of individuals exposed to ETS in the workplace were exposed at the low end of the dose distribution curve. The results of this analysis include estimations of hourly maxima and time-weighted average (TWA) doses of nicotine from workplace exposures to ETS (extrapolated from 1 day to 1 week) and doses derived from modeled lung burdens of ultraviolet-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM) and solanesol resulting from workplace exposures to ETS (extrapolated from 1 day to 1 year).
这三篇系列文章中所报道研究的最终目标是得出非吸烟劳动者接触特定环境烟草烟雾（ETS）相关化学物质的剂量分布情况。该分析使用了在有吸烟现象的工作场所，通过个人监测器在一个工作日内收集的来自16个城市研究的数据。在本文中，我们描述了工作场所接触环境烟草烟雾化学物质浓度的分布情况以及这些分布的特征（例如，对于给定成分，其分布是否呈对数正态分布）。接下来，我们介绍与估计剂量分布相关的总体参数以及用于估计这些剂量分布的方法。最后，我们得出在吸烟工作环境中工作的人员在工作场所接触特定环境烟草烟雾相关成分的剂量分布情况。估计剂量分布所提供的信息超出了通常的剂量点估计，并表明在工作场所接触环境烟草烟雾的大多数个体处于剂量分布曲线的低端。该分析结果包括对工作场所接触环境烟草烟雾（从1天外推至1周）中尼古丁的每小时最大值和时间加权平均（TWA）剂量的估计，以及对工作场所接触环境烟草烟雾（从1天外推至1年）所产生的紫外线吸收颗粒物（UVPM）和茄尼醇的模拟肺部负荷得出的剂量估计。
