Avrahami-Heller Y, Cohen D, Orr N, Slepon R, Ashkenazi I, Danon Y L
Kipper Institute of Immunology, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2000 Mar;2(3):196-9.
Chickenpox is a highly contagious childhood infection caused by varicella zoster virus, a virus of the herpes family. Although a mild and self-limiting disease in otherwise healthy children, chickenpox can be a complicated and even life-threatening disease in adults, pregnant women and immunosuppressed individuals. Among infants whose mothers had varicella during the first trimester of pregnancy, 2-3% will develop a congenital VZV syndrome that includes a combination of scarring, limb deformation, central nervous system impairment and ocular injury. In 1974, a live attenuated virus vaccine against VZV was developed in Japan and has been thoroughly tested for safety, efficacy and long-term effects. In March 1995 the vaccine was licensed in the U.S. for use in healthy children only.
To determine the rate of immunity to VZV in young Israeli adults.
On the assumption that a randomly picked sample of 18-year-old army recruits in Israel is representative of the general Jewish population, 900 sera samples were taken for 3 years (1985,1988,1992). The sera were analyzed for IgG to VZV with a commercial ELISA kit using microwells coated with VZV antigens.
A total of 98% of the samples tested positive for VZV antibodies. The difference in serologic values between the recruitment years was not statistically significant.
The majority of the Israeli population reaches adulthood already immunized against VZV, with immigrants having slightly lower immunity rates. Nonetheless, a few dozen cases of chickenpox are diagnosed in the IDF annually. These data should be taken into account when a vaccination program is devised. Should such a program be implemented, it would be interesting to repeat the serosurvey for comparison. A shift in the peak occurrence age might necessitate the administration of a booster vaccine at an older age.
水痘是由水痘带状疱疹病毒引起的一种具有高度传染性的儿童期感染性疾病，该病毒属于疱疹病毒家族。水痘在健康儿童中虽是一种轻度的自限性疾病，但在成人、孕妇及免疫功能低下者中可能是一种复杂甚至危及生命的疾病。在母亲孕期头三个月感染水痘的婴儿中，2%至3%会患上先天性水痘带状疱疹病毒综合征，包括瘢痕形成、肢体畸形、中枢神经系统损害和眼部损伤。1974年，日本研制出一种针对水痘带状疱疹病毒的减毒活疫苗，并对其安全性、有效性和长期效果进行了全面测试。1995年3月，该疫苗在美国获得许可，仅用于健康儿童。
确定以色列年轻成年人中对水痘带状疱疹病毒的免疫率。
假设随机抽取的以色列18岁新兵样本代表了犹太总人口，在3年（1985年、1988年、1992年）内采集了900份血清样本。使用包被水痘带状疱疹病毒抗原的微孔板，通过商用酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒分析血清中针对水痘带状疱疹病毒的IgG。
总共98%的样本水痘带状疱疹病毒抗体检测呈阳性。征兵年份之间的血清学值差异无统计学意义。
大多数以色列人成年时已对水痘带状疱疹病毒免疫，移民的免疫率略低。尽管如此，以色列国防军每年仍诊断出几十例水痘病例。在制定疫苗接种计划时应考虑这些数据。如果实施这样的计划，重复进行血清学调查以作比较将是很有意思的。发病高峰年龄的变化可能需要在更大年龄接种加强疫苗。
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