Bosco C, Iacovelli M, Tsarpela O, Cardinale M, Bonifazi M, Tihanyi J, Viru M, De Lorenzo A, Viru A
Societa Stampa Sportiva, Rome, Italy.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000 Apr;81(6):449-54. doi: 10.1007/s004210050067.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute responses of blood hormone concentrations and neuromuscular performance following whole-body vibration (WBV) treatment. Fourteen male subjects [mean (SD) age 25 (4.6) years] were exposed to vertical sinusoidal WBV, 10 times for 60 s, with 60 s rest between the vibration sets (a rest period lasting 6 min was allowed after 5 vibration sets). Neuromuscular performance tests consisting of counter-movement jumps and maximal dynamic leg presses on a slide machine, performed with an extra load of 160% of the subjects body mass, and with both legs were administered before and immediately after the WBV treatment. The average velocity, acceleration, average force, and power were calculated and the root mean square electromyogram (EMGrms) were recorded from the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles simultaneously during the leg-press measurement. Blood samples were also collected, and plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), growth hormone (GH) and cortisol (C) were measured. The results showed a significant increase in the plasma concentration of T and GH, whereas C levels decreased. An increase in the mechanical power output of the leg extensor muscles was observed together with a reduction in EMGrms activity. Neuromuscular efficiency improved, as indicated by the decrease in the ratio between EMGrms and power. Jumping performance, which was measured using the counter-movement jump test, was also enhanced. Thus, it can be argued that the biological mechanism produced by vibration is similar to the effect produced by explosive power training (jumping and bouncing). The enhancement of explosive power could have been induced by an increase in the synchronisation activity of the motor units, and/or improved co-ordination of the synergistic muscles and increased inhibition of the antagonists. These results suggest that WBV treatment leads to acute responses of hormonal profile and neuromuscular performance. It is therefore likely that the effect of WBV treatment elicited a biological adaptation that is connected to a neural potentiation effect, similar to those reported to occur following resistance and explosive power training. In conclusion, it is suggested that WBV influences proprioceptive feedback mechanisms and specific neural components, leading to an improvement of neuromuscular performance. Moreover, since the hormonal responses, characterised by an increase in T and GH concentration and a decrease in C concentration, and the increase in neuromuscular effectiveness were simultaneous but independent, it is speculated that the two phenomena might have common underlying mechanisms.
本研究旨在评估全身振动（WBV）治疗后血液激素浓度和神经肌肉性能的急性反应。14名男性受试者[平均（标准差）年龄25（4.6）岁]接受垂直正弦波WBV治疗，每次60秒，共10次，两组振动之间休息60秒（5组振动后允许休息6分钟）。在WBV治疗前后，进行神经肌肉性能测试，包括在滑动机器上进行负重纵跳和最大动态腿部推举，负重为受试者体重的160%，且双腿同时进行。计算平均速度、加速度、平均力和功率，并在腿部推举测量过程中同时记录股外侧肌和股直肌的均方根肌电图（EMGrms）。还采集血样，测量血浆睾酮（T）、生长激素（GH）和皮质醇（C）的浓度。结果显示，血浆T和GH浓度显著升高，而C水平降低。观察到股四头肌的机械功率输出增加，同时EMGrms活动减少。如EMGrms与功率之比降低所示，神经肌肉效率提高。使用负重纵跳测试测量的跳跃性能也得到增强。因此，可以认为振动产生的生物学机制类似于爆发力训练（跳跃和弹跳）产生的效果。爆发力的增强可能是由运动单位同步活动增加和/或协同肌肉协调性改善以及拮抗肌抑制增加所致。这些结果表明，WBV治疗会导致激素水平和神经肌肉性能的急性反应。因此，WBV治疗的效果可能引发了一种与神经增强效应相关的生物学适应，类似于抗阻训练和爆发力训练后报道的情况。总之，建议WBV影响本体感觉反馈机制和特定神经成分，从而改善神经肌肉性能。此外，由于以T和GH浓度升高以及C浓度降低为特征的激素反应与神经肌肉效能的增加是同时发生但相互独立的，推测这两种现象可能有共同的潜在机制。
