Bertocci G E, Hobson D A, Digges K H
Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 2000 Mar;8(1):126-39. doi: 10.1109/86.830957.
To promote proper wheelchair securement in transportation, the proposed ANSI/RESNA Standard on Wheelchairs Used as Seats in Motor Vehicles will require that all transit wheelchairs be equipped with four securement points compatible with strap-type tiedowns. Through computer simulations, the location of these securement points has been found to influence wheelchair user response to a frontal crash. This study develops and employs an injury risk assessment method to compare the crashworthiness of various securement point configurations. The comparative injury risk assessment method is designed to predict the risk associated with internalized crash forces, as well as risk associated with secondary occupant impact with the vehicle interior. Injury criteria established by Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and General Motors, along with excursion limitations set by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J2249 Wheelchair Tiedowns and Occupant Restraint Systems (WTORS) Standard were used as benchmarks for the risk assessment method. The simulation model subjected a secured commercial powerbase wheelchair with a seated 50th percentile male Hybrid III test dummy to a 20 g/30 mph crash. The occupant was restrained using pelvic and shoulder belts, and the wheelchair was secured with four strap-type tiedowns. Results indicated that securement points located 1.5 in to 2.5 in above the evaluated wheelchair's center of gravity provide the most effective occupant protection.
为了促进在交通运输中正确固定轮椅，拟议的美国国家标准学会/康复工程与辅助技术协会（ANSI/RESNA）《用作机动车座椅的轮椅标准》将要求所有公交轮椅配备四个与带式固定装置兼容的固定点。通过计算机模拟发现，这些固定点的位置会影响轮椅使用者在正面碰撞中的反应。本研究开发并采用了一种伤害风险评估方法，以比较各种固定点配置的防撞性能。这种比较性伤害风险评估方法旨在预测与内化碰撞力相关的风险，以及与乘客二次撞击车辆内部相关的风险。联邦机动车安全标准和通用汽车公司制定的伤害标准，以及美国汽车工程师协会（SAE）J2249《轮椅固定装置和乘客约束系统》（WTORS）标准设定的偏移限制被用作风险评估方法的基准。模拟模型让一辆搭载第50百分位男性混合III型试验假人的商用电动轮椅底盘在20克/30英里每小时的碰撞中接受测试。乘客使用骨盆带和肩带进行约束，轮椅用四个带式固定装置固定。结果表明，位于评估轮椅重心上方1.5英寸至2.5英寸处的固定点能提供最有效的乘客保护。
