Injury Risk Assessment and Prevention (iRAP) Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Louisville, USA.
Med Eng Phys. 2010 Apr;32(3):272-9. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.01.008. Epub 2009 Feb 28.
Wheelchairs are primarily designed for mobility and are not necessarily intended for use as motor vehicle seats. However, many wheelchairs serve as vehicle seats for individuals unable to transfer to a vehicle seat. Subjecting wheelchairs to sled testing, in part establishes the crashworthiness of wheelchairs used as motor vehicle seats. Computer simulations provide a supplemental approach for sled testing, to assess wheelchair response and loading under crash conditions. In this study a nonlinear, dynamic, computer model was developed and validated to simulate a wheelchair and occupant subjected to a frontal impact test (ANSI/RESNA WC19). This simulation model was developed utilizing data from two frontal impact 20 g/48 km/h sled tests, which consisted of identical, adult manual wheelchairs secured with 4-point tiedowns, occupied with a 50th percentile adult male anthropomorphic test device (ATD), restrained with a 3-point occupant restraint system. Additionally, the model was validated against sled data using visual comparisons of wheelchair and occupant kinematics, along with statistical assessments of outcome measures. All statistical evaluations were found to be within the acceptance criteria, indicating the model's high predictability of the sled tests. This model provides a useful tool for the development of crashworthy wheelchair design guidelines, as well as the development of transit-safe wheelchair technologies.
轮椅主要是为了移动而设计的，不一定用作汽车座椅。然而，许多轮椅是为无法转移到汽车座椅上的人提供的车辆座椅。对轮椅进行碰撞测试，部分是为了确定用作汽车座椅的轮椅的耐撞性。计算机模拟为碰撞测试提供了一种补充方法，以评估轮椅在碰撞条件下的响应和载荷。在这项研究中，开发并验证了一个非线性、动态的计算机模型，以模拟一个在正面碰撞测试（ANSI/RESNA WC19）中受到冲击的轮椅和乘客。该仿真模型是利用两个正面冲击 20g/48km/h 碰撞测试的数据开发的，这两个测试使用了相同的、成人手动轮椅，用四点系固装置固定，配备 50 百分位成年男性人体模型测试设备（ATD），用三点乘客约束系统约束。此外，该模型还使用轮椅和乘客运动学的视觉比较以及对结果测量的统计评估来验证碰撞测试数据。所有的统计评估都在可接受的范围内，表明该模型对碰撞测试的高度可预测性。该模型为制定耐撞性轮椅设计指南以及开发过境安全轮椅技术提供了一个有用的工具。
