Tsukamoto T, Fukui I
Dept. of Urology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2000 Apr;27(4):516-21.
Although testicular germ cell tumor is a relatively uncommon disease, it is a relatively common type of malignant tumor among young men. Seminoma accounts for approximately 50% of all germ cell testicular tumors. Since the vast majority of patients with seminoma present with early-stage disease and the disease responds well to treatment, almost all of the patients are cured. Patients who have stage I disease without obvious metastatic lesions have two treatment options, surveillance or adjuvant retroperitoneal radiotherapy, following inguinal orchiectomy. Stage IIA disease with a relatively small retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis is generally treated by retroperitoneal radiation therapy, although systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin is an alternative treatment. For patients with bulky retroperitoneal lymph node or distant metastases (stage IIB, III), systemic chemotherapy including cisplatin and etoposide appears to be the standard approach. Recently, 85% to 90% of patients with stage III disease are cured. Thus, the current therapeutic goal is cure of the disease with the minimum of treatment sequelae.
尽管睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤是一种相对罕见的疾病，但它是年轻男性中较为常见的一种恶性肿瘤类型。精原细胞瘤约占所有睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的50%。由于绝大多数精原细胞瘤患者表现为早期疾病，且该疾病对治疗反应良好，几乎所有患者都能治愈。无明显转移病灶的I期疾病患者在腹股沟睾丸切除术后有两种治疗选择，即观察或辅助性腹膜后放疗。IIA期疾病伴有相对较小的腹膜后淋巴结转移，一般采用腹膜后放射治疗，不过使用卡铂进行全身化疗也是一种替代治疗方法。对于有巨大腹膜后淋巴结或远处转移（IIB期、III期）的患者，包括顺铂和依托泊苷的全身化疗似乎是标准治疗方法。最近，85%至90%的III期疾病患者得以治愈。因此，当前的治疗目标是以最少的治疗后遗症治愈该疾病。
