Deschildre A, Thumerelle C, Bruno B, Dubos F, Santos C, Dumonceaux A
Unité de pneumologie pédiatrique, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Lille, France.
Arch Pediatr. 2000 Mar;7 Suppl 1:21S-26S. doi: 10.1016/s0929-693x(00)88814-4.
Bronchiolitis is the most common disease of the respiratory tract during the first year of life, and occurs in annual epidemics in winter. The etiology is viral, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the commonest agent. Respiratory symptoms remain generally mild, and treatment just supportive and at home. Certain infants are at high risk of severe illness (age less than 3 months, preterm birth, neonatal respiratory disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, underlying chronic diseases), and require hospitalisation. Most treatments are of unproved (corticosteroids), or limited benefit (inhaled bronchodilators, antibiotics). Chest physiotherapy is indicated in case of bronchial secretion. Vaccine are not now available, but prophylaxis with human RSV immunoglobulin or monoclonal antibodies has to be considered for children at increased risk for severe disease.
细支气管炎是一岁以内儿童最常见的呼吸道疾病，在冬季呈年度流行。病因是病毒感染，呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是最常见的病原体。呼吸道症状通常较轻，一般在家进行支持性治疗。某些婴儿患重病的风险较高（年龄小于3个月、早产、新生儿呼吸系统疾病、支气管肺发育不良、潜在慢性病），需要住院治疗。大多数治疗方法未经证实（如皮质类固醇）或益处有限（如吸入性支气管扩张剂、抗生素）。如有支气管分泌物，需进行胸部物理治疗。目前尚无疫苗，但对于重症风险增加的儿童，必须考虑用人RSV免疫球蛋白或单克隆抗体进行预防。
