Fitzgerald Dominic A, Kilham Henry A
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
Med J Aust. 2004 Apr 19;180(8):399-404. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb05993.x.
Viral bronchiolitis is the commonest cause of hospital admission in young infants. Respiratory syncytial virus is responsible for most cases of bronchiolitis. Secondary bacterial infection is rare and antibiotics are seldom necessary. Most children with bronchiolitis develop only mild illness and can be managed at home. Infants born prematurely, those with pre-existing cardiac or respiratory disease, and infants in the first three months of life are more likely to need hospital admission. On current evidence, nebulised adrenaline, inhaled and systemic corticosteroids, and inhaled bronchodilators do not have a role in the routine management of infants with bronchiolitis.
病毒性细支气管炎是婴幼儿住院最常见的原因。呼吸道合胞病毒是导致大多数细支气管炎病例的病因。继发性细菌感染很少见，很少需要使用抗生素。大多数患细支气管炎的儿童仅患轻症疾病，可在家中护理。早产婴儿、患有先天性心脏病或呼吸系统疾病的婴儿以及出生后前三个月的婴儿更有可能需要住院治疗。根据目前的证据，雾化肾上腺素、吸入性和全身性皮质类固醇以及吸入性支气管扩张剂在细支气管炎婴儿的常规治疗中不起作用。
