Andrish JT
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1996 Oct;4(5):231-237. doi: 10.5435/00124635-199609000-00001.
Isolated meniscal injuries are uncommon in children under the age of 14, but the frequency increases thereafter. Meniscal tears in children are frequently associated with congenital meniscal abnormalities, while those in adolescents are often associated with ligamentous injuries of the knee. The combination of recurrent and often dramatic popping and intermittent episodes of locking has been termed the "snapping knee syndrome." This symptom complex is almost invariably associated with a discoid meniscus. Although double-contrast arthrography has proved to be a reliable diagnostic technique, magnetic resonance imaging is now the modality of choice. Treatment options for meniscal injuries in young patients should reflect a preference for repair over excision. The long-term clinical results of total meniscectomy in children have demonstrated a high incidence of degenerative joint disease. Partial excision may provide better results. The efficacy of meniscus transplantation in the skeletally immature knee, although attractive, is as yet unproved and is therefore not an acceptable treatment option.
孤立性半月板损伤在14岁以下儿童中并不常见，但此后发生率会增加。儿童半月板撕裂常与先天性半月板异常相关，而青少年的半月板撕裂则常与膝关节韧带损伤有关。反复出现且通常较为明显的弹响以及间歇性绞锁发作的组合被称为“膝关节弹响综合征”。这种症状复合体几乎总是与盘状半月板相关。尽管双重对比关节造影已被证明是一种可靠的诊断技术，但磁共振成像现在是首选的检查方式。年轻患者半月板损伤的治疗选择应倾向于修复而非切除。儿童全半月板切除术的长期临床结果显示退行性关节病的发生率很高。部分切除术可能会有更好的效果。半月板移植在骨骼未成熟膝关节中的疗效虽然诱人，但尚未得到证实，因此不是一种可接受的治疗选择。
