Frohmberg E, Goble R, Sanchez V, Quigley D
Clark University, Center for Technology, Environment, George Perkins Marsh Institute, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
Risk Anal. 2000 Feb;20(1):101-11. doi: 10.1111/0272-4332.00010.
Native Americans residing in a broad region downwind from the Nevada Test Site during the 1950s and 1960s received significant radiation exposures from nuclear weapons testing. Because of differences in diet, activities, and housing, their radiation exposures are only very imperfectly represented in the Department of Energy dose reconstructions. There are important missing pathways, including exposures to radioactive iodine from eating small game. The dose reconstruction model assumptions about cattle feeding practices across a year are unlikely to apply to the native communities as are other model assumptions about diet. Thus exposures from drinking milk and eating vegetables have not yet been properly estimated for these communities. Through consultations with members of the affected communities, these deficiencies could be corrected and the dose reconstruction extended to Native Americans. An illustration of the feasibility of extending the dose reconstruction is provided by a sample calculation to estimate radiation exposures to the thyroid from eating radio-iodine-contaminated rabbit thyroids after the Sedan test. The illustration is continued with a discussion of how the calculation results may be used to make estimates for other tests and other locations.
20世纪50年代和60年代居住在内华达试验场下风方向广大区域的美国原住民，因核武器试验受到了大量辐射照射。由于饮食、活动和住房方面的差异，美国能源部的剂量重建只能非常不完美地体现他们所受到的辐射照射情况。存在一些重要的遗漏途径，包括因食用小型猎物而接触放射性碘。剂量重建模型关于全年牛饲养方式的假设不太可能适用于当地社区，其他关于饮食的模型假设也是如此。因此，尚未对这些社区因饮用牛奶和食用蔬菜而受到的照射进行恰当估算。通过与受影响社区的成员协商，可以纠正这些缺陷，并将剂量重建扩展到美国原住民。通过一个样本计算给出了扩展剂量重建可行性的例证，该计算用于估算在“轿车”试验后食用受放射性碘污染的兔子甲状腺所导致的甲状腺辐射照射。接着通过讨论如何利用计算结果对其他试验和其他地点进行估算，进一步说明上述例证。
