Office of Dietary Supplements, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Office of Communications and Public Liaison, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Health Phys. 2020 Oct;119(4):390-399. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001303.
The Trinity nuclear test was detonated in south-central New Mexico on 16 July 1945; in the early 2000s, the National Cancer Institute undertook a dose and cancer risk projection study of the possible health impacts of the test. In order to conduct a comprehensive dose assessment for the Trinity test, we collected diet and lifestyle data relevant to the populations living in New Mexico around the time of the test. This report describes the methodology developed to capture the data used to calculate radiation exposures and presents dietary and lifestyle data results for the main exposure pathways considered in the dose reconstruction. Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted in 2017 among older adults who had lived in the same New Mexico community during the 1940s or 1950s. Interview questions and guided group discussions focused on specific aspects of diet, water, type of housing, and time spent outdoors for different age groups. Thirteen focus groups and 11 individual interviews were conducted among Hispanic, White, and Native American participants. Extensive written notes and audio recordings aided in the coding of all responses used to derive ranges, prevalence, means, and standard deviations for each exposure variable for various age categories by region and ethnicity. Children aged 11-15 y in 1940s or 1950s from the rural plains had the highest milk intakes (993 mL d), and lowest intakes were among 11- to 15-y-olds in mountainous regions (191 mL d). Lactose intolerance rates were 7-71%, and prevalence was highest among Native Americans. Meat was not commonly consumed in the summer in most communities, and if consumed, it was among those aged 11-15 y of age or older who had relatively small amounts of 100-200 g d. Most drinking and cooking water came from covered wells, and most homes were made of adobe, which provided more protection from external radiation than wooden structures. The use of multiple approaches to trigger memory and collect participant reports on diet and other factors from the distant past seemed effective. These data were summarized, and together with other information, these data have been used to estimate radiation doses for representative persons of all ages in the main ethnic groups residing in New Mexico at the time of the Trinity nuclear test.
三位一体核试验于 1945 年 7 月 16 日在新墨西哥州中南部引爆；21 世纪初，美国国家癌症研究所（National Cancer Institute）对这次试验可能对健康造成的影响进行了剂量和癌症风险预测研究。为了对三位一体核试验进行全面的剂量评估，我们收集了与试验期间生活在新墨西哥州的人群相关的饮食和生活方式数据。本报告介绍了为计算辐射暴露而开发的方法，并介绍了剂量重建中考虑的主要暴露途径的饮食和生活方式数据结果。2017 年，我们对 20 世纪 40 年代或 50 年代居住在同一新墨西哥社区的老年人进行了个人访谈和焦点小组讨论。访谈问题和小组讨论重点关注饮食、水、住房类型和不同年龄段户外活动时间等特定方面。我们对西班牙裔、白人和美国原住民参与者进行了 13 个焦点小组和 11 次个人访谈。大量的书面笔记和录音辅助了所有回答的编码，这些回答用于根据区域和族裔，为不同年龄组的各个暴露变量得出范围、流行率、平均值和标准差。20 世纪 40 年代或 50 年代 11-15 岁的农村平原地区儿童的牛奶摄入量最高（993 毫升/天），而山区 11-15 岁儿童的摄入量最低（191 毫升/天）。乳糖不耐受率为 7%-71%，发病率在美洲原住民中最高。在大多数社区，夏季并不常吃肉，如果食用，也是 11-15 岁或以上的儿童，食用量相对较小，为 100-200 克/天。大多数饮用水和烹饪水来自有盖的水井，大多数房屋由土坯建造，这比木质结构能提供更多的外部辐射保护。使用多种方法触发记忆并收集参与者对过去遥远时期饮食和其他因素的报告似乎是有效的。这些数据已被总结，并与其他信息一起，用于估计三位一体核试验时居住在新墨西哥州的主要种族群体中所有年龄段的代表性人员的辐射剂量。
