Zhanel G G, Karlowsky J A, Low D E, Hoban D J
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. R3A 1R9.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000 May;45(5):655-62. doi: 10.1093/jac/45.5.655.
Between September 1997 and November 1998 respiratory tract isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (n = 1352) and Moraxella catarrhalis (n = 428) were collected by 18 Canadian medical centres. beta-Lactamase was produced by 24.0 and 94.2% of H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis isolates, respectively. Resistance rates for H. influenzae were highest for ampicillin (24.0%), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (13. 7%), loracarbef (6.1%) and cefaclor (4.2%), and </= 1% for amoxycillin/clavulanate, cefotaxime, cefprozil, cefixime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, trovafloxacin and chloramphenicol. M. catarrhalis resistance rates, derived using NCCLS breakpoint criteria for Haemophilus spp., were </= 1% for all antibiotics tested except ampicillin (49.5%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (1.6%).
1997年9月至1998年11月期间，加拿大18个医学中心收集了流感嗜血杆菌（n = 1352）和卡他莫拉菌（n = 428）的呼吸道分离株。β-内酰胺酶分别由24.0%的流感嗜血杆菌分离株和94.2%的卡他莫拉菌分离株产生。流感嗜血杆菌对氨苄西林（24.0%）、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑（13.7%）、氯碳头孢（6.1%）和头孢克洛（4.2%）的耐药率最高，而阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻肟、头孢丙烯、头孢克肟、亚胺培南、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、格帕沙星、曲伐沙星和氯霉素的耐药率≤1%。按照美国国家临床实验室标准委员会（NCCLS）针对嗜血杆菌属的折点标准得出，卡他莫拉菌对除氨苄西林（49.5%）和甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑（1.6%）外的所有测试抗生素的耐药率≤1%。
