Mehta S K, Pierson D L, Cooley H, Dubow R, Lugg D
Enterprise Advisory Services Inc., Houston, Texas, USA.
J Med Virol. 2000 Jun;61(2):235-40. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200006)61:2<235::aid-jmv10>3.0.co;2-4.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were followed in 16 Antarctic expeditioners during winter-over isolation at 2 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition stations. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing was used as an indicator of the CMI response, that was evaluated 2 times before winter isolation and 3 times during isolation. At all 5 evaluation times, 8 or more of the 16 subjects had a diminished CMI response. Diminished DTH was observed on every test occasion in 4/16 subjects; only 2/16 subjects exhibited normal DTH responses for all 5 tests. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect EBV DNA in saliva specimens collected before, during, and after the winter isolation. EBV DNA was present in 17% (111/642) of the saliva specimens; all 16 subjects shed EBV in their saliva on at least 1 occasion. The probability of EBV shedding increased (P = 0.013) from 6% before or after winter isolation to 13% during the winter period. EBV appeared in saliva during the winter isolation more frequently (P < 0.0005) when DTH response was diminished than when DTH was normal. The findings indicate that the psychosocial, physical, and other stresses associated with working and living in physical isolation during the Antarctic winter result in diminished CMI and an accompanying increased reactivation and shedding of latent viruses.
在澳大利亚两个国家南极考察站，对16名越冬隔离期间的南极考察队员进行了爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）再激活及细胞介导免疫（CMI）反应的跟踪研究。采用迟发型超敏反应（DTH）皮肤试验作为CMI反应的指标，在冬季隔离前评估2次，隔离期间评估3次。在所有5次评估时，16名受试者中有8名或更多人的CMI反应减弱。16名受试者中有4名在每次测试时均观察到DTH减弱；只有2名受试者在所有5次测试中均表现出正常的DTH反应。采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测冬季隔离前后及隔离期间采集的唾液标本中的EBV DNA。642份唾液标本中17%（111/642）存在EBV DNA；所有16名受试者至少有1次唾液中排出EBV。EBV排出的概率从冬季隔离前后的6%增加到冬季期间的13%（P = 0.013）。与DTH反应正常时相比，DTH反应减弱时，EBV在冬季隔离期间更频繁地出现在唾液中（P < 0.0005）。研究结果表明，与南极冬季在物理隔离环境中工作和生活相关的心理社会、身体及其他压力导致CMI减弱，同时潜伏病毒的再激活和排出增加。
