Comparison of different computer models of the neural control system of the lower urinary tract.

This paper presents a series of five models that were formulated for describing the neural control of the lower urinary tract in humans. A parsimonious formulation of the effect of the sympathetic system, the pre-optic area, and urethral afferents on the simulated behavior are included. In spite of the relative simplicity of the five models studied, behavior that resembles normal lower urinary tract behavior as seen during an urodynamic investigation could be simulated. The models were tested by studying their response to disturbances of the afferent signal from the bladder. It was found that the inhibiting reflex that results from including the sympathetic system or the pre-optic area (PrOA) only counteracts the disturbance in the storage phase. Once micturition has started, these inhibiting reflexes are suppressed. A detrusor contraction that does not result in complete micturition similar to an unstable detrusor contraction could be simulated in a model including urethral afferents. Owing to the number of uncertainties in these models, so far no unambiguous explanation of normal and pathological lower urinary tract behavior can be given. However, these models can be used as an additional tool in studies of the mechanisms of the involved neural control.