Khlat M, Sermet C, Le Pape A
Institut National d'Etudes Démographiques, Paris, France.
Soc Sci Med. 2000 Jun;50(12):1807-25. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00419-0.
In this paper, the health of women aged 30 to 49 years is analyzed according to the family and work roles which they exercise, based on the 1991-1992 French national health survey. Households are classified based on the amount of their material resources, and a variety of measures of health and of health-related behaviors are considered. Looking at each role separately, the 'healthy married', 'healthy mother' and 'healthy worker' effects are very obvious for almost all health measures, and higher household income per unit of consumption is clearly associated with better health of women. The role patterns of women are not evenly distributed across income levels: housewives and lone mothers are more common at the bottom and middle of the income scale than at the top, while working women without children, married or not, are much more common at the top. In health terms, more heterogeneity is attached to role patterns in the middle of the income scale than at either extreme. In the middle stratum, two groups of women stand out as being clearly disadvantaged in comparison with that of married women with children and a job: (1) lone mothers, particularly in terms of mental health conditions, malaise symptoms and health-related behaviour, and (2) housewives, particularly in terms of physical health conditions. At the bottom of the income scale, no significant disadvantage is found for housewives compared to married working mothers, yet their overall health pattern is somewhat negative. At the top of the income scale, married working women without children, as well as single women do feel more often than married working mothers that they suffer from handicap or discomfort. The findings are discussed in terms of role enhancement and role strain, health selection, the nature of the health disadvantage associated with specific role patterns, and the importance of the structural context in the role framework.
本文基于1991 - 1992年法国全国健康调查，根据30至49岁女性所扮演的家庭和工作角色，对她们的健康状况进行了分析。家庭根据其物质资源的数量进行分类，并考虑了各种健康指标以及与健康相关的行为。分别审视每种角色时，几乎所有健康指标都显示出“健康已婚女性”“健康母亲”和“健康工作者”效应非常明显，而且单位消费的家庭收入越高，女性的健康状况显然越好。女性的角色模式在不同收入水平上分布不均：家庭主妇和单身母亲在收入等级的中低端比高端更为常见，而无子女的职业女性，无论已婚与否，在高端更为常见。从健康角度来看，收入等级中间的角色模式比两端的更具异质性。在中等阶层，有两组女性与有孩子且有工作的已婚女性相比，明显处于劣势：（1）单身母亲，特别是在心理健康状况、不适症状和与健康相关的行为方面；（2）家庭主妇，特别是在身体健康状况方面。在收入等级的低端，与已婚职业母亲相比，未发现家庭主妇有明显劣势，但其总体健康模式略显负面。在收入等级的高端，无子女的已婚职业女性以及单身女性比有孩子的已婚职业母亲更常感到自己有残疾或不适。本文从角色强化和角色压力、健康选择、与特定角色模式相关的健康劣势的性质以及角色框架中结构背景的重要性等方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
