Lahelma Eero, Arber Sara, Kivelä Katariina, Roos Eva
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 2002 Mar;54(5):727-40. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00105-8.
Two contrasting hypotheses have been presented to predict women's health variations. The Multiple burden hypothesis predicts that combining a paid job, being married, and having children is likely to be detrimental to women's health. The multiple attachment hypothesis predicts that multiple roles provide attachment to the community, which is likely to be beneficial to women's health. These hypotheses are examined in Britain and Finland, which have different patterns of women's employment participation. Lone mothers form a critical case, since they have fewer attachments and greater burdens, and therefore are expected to have poorer health. The socioeconomic position of lone mothers differs in Britain and Finland, but in both societies they are likely to have fewer attachments. We assess the extent to which health variations between women with different family and parental role combinations are because of the differences in their socioeconomic status and material circumstances. Comparable surveys from Britain and Finland from 1994 were used. Perceived general health and limiting long-standing illness were analysed for working age women (20-49 years) by family type and employment status. as well as other socioeconomic variables. In both countries, women living in two parent families and having children had better health than women living in other family types or on their own. Lone mothers form a disadvantaged group and showed overall worse health in both countries. Adjusting for employment status. education and household income weakened the association between family type and poor health. The findings are broadly in accordance with the multiple attachment hypothesis. Despite the more generous welfare state and high full-time employment among Finnish women, single lone mothers report poorer health than other women in Finland as well as in Britain. However, in Britain the disadvantaged social position of lone mothers accounts for a greater proportion of their poor health than in Finland.
有两种截然不同的假设被提出来预测女性的健康差异。多重负担假设预测，从事有偿工作、已婚并有子女这几种情况加在一起可能对女性健康不利。多重依恋假设预测，多重角色能提供与社区的联系，这可能对女性健康有益。在英国和芬兰对这些假设进行了检验，这两个国家女性的就业参与模式不同。单身母亲是一个关键案例，因为她们的社会联系较少且负担较重，因此预计健康状况较差。英国和芬兰单身母亲的社会经济地位有所不同，但在这两个社会中，她们可能都有较少的社会联系。我们评估了不同家庭和父母角色组合的女性之间的健康差异在多大程度上是由于她们社会经济地位和物质环境的差异。使用了1994年来自英国和芬兰的可比调查数据。按家庭类型和就业状况以及其他社会经济变量，对工作年龄女性（20 - 49岁）的总体健康感知和长期限制疾病情况进行了分析。在这两个国家，生活在双亲家庭并有子女的女性比生活在其他家庭类型或独自生活的女性健康状况更好。单身母亲构成了一个弱势群体，在这两个国家总体健康状况都较差。调整就业状况、教育程度和家庭收入后，家庭类型与健康不佳之间的关联减弱。研究结果大致符合多重依恋假设。尽管芬兰的福利国家更为慷慨，芬兰女性全职就业率也较高，但单身母亲在芬兰和英国的健康状况都比其他女性差。然而，在英国，单身母亲不利的社会地位在其健康不佳中所占比例比在芬兰更大。
